Computer Engineering (English for Special Purposes). Андриенко А.С. - 49 стр.

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64
requirements of a computer:
— It can input and output data
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, usually in digital form. This data
can be exchanged between the microcomputer
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and several
common input/output devices such as teletype, CRT displays,
paper tape reader, floppy disk
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memories, magnetic tapes
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,
cassette
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tapes and laboratory instruments.
— It contains an ALU (arithmetic logic unit) which performs
arithmetic and/or logical operations such as add, subtract,
compare, rotate left or right, AND, OR, NEGATE,
EXCLUSIVE, OR.
— It contains memory
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which is directly addressable and may
contain both data and instructional words.
— It is programmable. That is, the data and programmed
instructions may be arranged in any desired order, in contrast
to a pocket calculator, which is usually fixed in its capabilities
and requires a precise keyboard sequence that cannot be
altered.
Vocabulary:
1. Microprocessor - a realization of the central processing part of a
computer on one or more LSI
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circuits. Characteristics of a
microprocessor include small size and low cost.
2. Central processing unit (CPU)- центральный процессор, ЦП
3. Chip - a small piece of silicon on which an integrated circuit is
fabricated. More commonly used to describe a complete
encapsulated device.
4. Data - a collection of numeric, alphabetic or special characters
denoting facts and information.
5. Microcomputer - a class of computers having all the major
central processor functions contained on a single printed circuit
board or single integrated circuit. A microcomputer contains a
microprocessor plus additional circuitry needed to complete the
system such as memory, input and output ports, and a clock
generator.
6. Floppy disk - a low cost magnetic disk constructed of coated
plastic.
7. Magnetic tape - a tape with a magnetic surface on which data
can be stored by selective magnetization of portions of the
surface.
8. Cassette - a container holding magnetic tape for insertion into
tape transport equipment.
9. Memory - a general term which refers to any storage media for
data. Basic memory functional types include read/write and read-
only.
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2. Are the following statements true or false? Prove your
answers.
1) When computers were first introduced in 40's and 50's
programmers had to write programs to instruct CD-ROMs, laser
printers and scanners.
2) The operational system controls and manages the use of the
hardware and the memory.
3) There are no commands available in operating systems, they
are only in word processors.
4) Microsoft developed MS-DOS to compete with IBM's PC-DOS.
5) NT requires computers with 486 CPU and 16 M random access
memory.
6) OS/2 is DOS compatible because it was developed by
Microsoft.
7) Traditionally, UNIX was run by many users simultaneously.
8) Windows 95 and Windows 98 are DOS compatible and have
very «friendly» and convenient interface.
PART II
TEXT 1
Pre-reading task
1. Are you a part of computer revolution?
2. You are going to read a set of texts about the World Wide
Web. Discuss in group why you really need the Internet.
What factors influence your decision?
3. Read the text “What is the Internet?” and discuss the
following questions:
a) Do you use Internet?
b) Why so many activities such as e-mail and business
transactions are possible through the Internet?
c) What is World Wide Web?
d) What is Web browser?
e) What does a user need to have an access to the WWW?
f) What are hyperlinks?
g) What resources are available on the WWW?

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