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Семинар №7. Ранний среднеанглийский период. Изменения в фонетике и в
морфологии.
1. Прочитайте и преведите текст №13. Найдите в тексте графические
элементы, введенные нормандскими писцами. Определите, какие звуки с.а.
языка они отражают.
Текст для анализа № 13 (Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, 1137)
1137. Ðis gære for þe king Stephne ofer sæ to Normandi and ther wes under-
fangen, for-þi ðæt hi uuenden ðæt he sculde ben alsuic alse the eom wes, and for he
hadde get his tresor, ac he to-deld it and scatered sotlice. Micel hadde Henri king
gadered gold and sylver, and na god ne dide me for his saule thar-of.
Þa þe king Stephne to Engleland com, þa macod he his gadering æt Oxeneford
and þar he nam þe biscop Roger of Sereberi, and Alex. biscop of Lincol, and te
canceler Roger, hise neves, and dide ælle in prisun, til hi iafen up here castles. Þa the
suikes under-gæton ðæt he milde man was, and softe, and god, and na justise ne dide,
þa diden hi alle wunder. Hi hadden him manred maked and athes suoren, ac hi nan
treuthe ne heolden: alle he wæron for-sworen and here treothes for-loren; for ævric
rice man his castles makede and agænes him heolden, and fylden þe land ful of
castles. Hi suencten suyðe þe uurecce men of þe land mid castel-weorces. Þa þe
castles uuaren maked, þa fylden hi mid deovles and yvele men. Þa namen hi þa men
þe hi wenden ðæt ani god hefden, bathe be nihtes and be dæies, carl-men and
wimmen, and diden heom in prisun efter gold and sylver, and pined heom
untellendlice pining; for ne uuæren nævre nan martyrs swa pined, alse hi wæron. Me
henged up bi the fet and smoked heom mid ful smoke, me henged bi the þumbes,
other bi the hefed, and hengen briniges on [her] fet. – (Oпиcывaeтcя нecĸoльĸo
paзличных спocoбoв пытĸи)
Mani þusen hi drapen mid hungær. I ne can, ne i ne mai, tellen alle þe wunder ne
alle þe pines ðæt hi diden wrecce men on þis land, and ðæt lastede þa XIX wintre,
wile Stephne was king, and ævre it was uuerse and uuerse. Hi læiden gæildes o[n] the
tunes ævre umwile and clepeden it tenserie. Þa þe uurecce men ne hadden nan more
to gyven, þa ræveden hi and brendon alle the tunes, ðæt wel þu myhtes faren all a
dæis fare, sculdest thu nevre finden man in tune sittende, ne land tiled. Þa was corn
dære, and fle[s]c, and cæse, and butere; for nan ne wæs o þe land. Wrecce men
sturven of hungær, sume ieden on ælmes þe waren sum wile rice men, sume flugen ut
of lande. Wes nævre gæt mare wreccehed on land, ne nævre hethen men werse ne
diden þan hi diden, for over sithon ne for-baren [hi] nouther circe, ne cyrce-iærd; oc
namen al þe god ðæt þar-inne was, and brenden sythen þe cyrce and al tegædere. Ne
hi ne for-baren biscopes land, ne abbotes, ne preostes, ac ræveden munekes and
clerekes, and ævric man other þe over myhte. Gif twa men oþer III coman ridend to
an tun, al þe tun-scipe flugæn for heom: wenden ðæt hi wæron ræveres. Þe biscopes,
and lered men heom cursede ævre, oc was heom naht þar-of; for hi uueron al for-
cursæd, and for-suoren, and for-loren.
2. Определите случаи, когда графика не отражает произошедшие
фонетические изменения.
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