История письма и чтения. Асафова Г.К. - 101 стр.

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In antithetic parallelism the second part presents the same idea as the first by way

of contrast or negation.

Synthetic parallelism involves the completion or expansion of the idea of the

first part in the second part.

Synthetic parallelism is a broad category that allows for many variations,

one of which has the picturesque name “staircase” parallelism and consists of a

series of parts or lines that build up to a conclusion.

Although it is evident that Hebrew poetry groups lines into larger units, the

extent of this grouping and the principles on which it is based are uncertain. The

acrostic poems are a notable exception to this general uncertainty.

The superscriptions found on most of the psalms are obscure but point to the

existence of earlier collections. Psalms are attributed to David, Asaph, and the sons

of Korah, among others. It is generally held that Asaph and the sons of Korah

indicate collections belonging to guilds of temple singers. Other possible

collections include the Songs of Ascents, probably pilgrim songs in origin, the

Hallelujah Psalms, and a group of 55 psalms with a title normally taken to mean

“the choirmaster.”

It is evident that the process whereby these various collections were formed

and then combined was extremely complex. The investigation of the process is

made difficult because individual psalms and whole collections underwent constant

development and adaptation. Thus, for example, private prayers became liturgical,

songs of local sanctuaries were adapted to use in the Temple, and psalms that

became anachronistic by reason of the fall of the monarchy or the destruction of

the Temple were reworked to fit a contemporary situation. Such problems

complicate the determination of the date and original occasion of the psalm.

For centuries both Jews and Christians ascribed the whole Psalter to David,

just as they ascribed the Pentateuch to Moses and much of the wisdom literature to

Solomon. This was thought to be supported by the tradition that David was a

musician, a poet, and an organizer of the liturgical cult and also by the attribution

of 73 psalms to David in the superscriptions found in the Hebrew Bible. These