История письма и чтения. Асафова Г.К. - 99 стр.

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divisions: Torah, historical writings, poetic and didactic writings, and prophetic

writings. Also, the order of the books was changed, and books not included in the

Hebrew Bible were added. The early Christians of both the East and West

generally cited and accepted as canonical the Scriptures according to the Greek

version. When Protestants produced translations based upon the Hebrew original

text and excluded or separated (as Apocrypha) the books not found in the Hebrew

Bible, they retained the order and the divisions of the Greek Bible. Thus the

Ketuvim is not to be found as a distinct collection in the Christian Old Testament.

An ancient tradition, preserved in the Babylonian Talmud, prescribed the

following order for the Ketuvim: Ruth, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song

of Solomon, Lamentations, Daniel, Esther, Ezra (which included Nehemiah), and I

and II Chronicles. This sequence was chronological according to rabbinic notions

of the authorship of the books. Ruth relates to the age of the judges and concludes

with a genealogy of David; the Psalms were attributed, for the most part, to David;

Job was assigned to the time of the Queen of Sheba, although the rabbis differed

among themselves about the date of the hero; Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and Song of

Solomon were all attributed to Solomon; Lamentations, which was ascribed to

Jeremiah, refers to the destruction of Jerusalem and the beginning of the

Babylonian Exile; the heroes of Daniel were active until early in the reign of Cyrus

II, the king of Persia who ended the exile; Esther pertains to the reign of Xerxes I,

later than that of Cyrus but earlier than that of Artaxerxes I, the patron of Ezra,

reputed also to have written I and II Chronicles.

Despite this tradition, however, it would appear that the sequence of the

Ketuvim was not completely fixed, and there is a great variety in ordering found in

manuscripts and early printed editions. The three larger books–Psalms, Job, and

Proverbs–have always constituted a group, with Psalms first and the other two

interchanging. The order of the five Megillot, or Scrolls (Song of Solomon, Ruth,

Lamentations , Ecclesiastes, and Esther), has shown the greatest variations. The

order that has crystallized has a liturgical origin; the books are read on certain

festival days in Jewish places of worship and are printed in the calendar order of