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k
B
¯h
S
i
;i
= −k
B
c
2
X
(a)
m
(a)
Z
dP f
(a)
∂F
i
(a)
∂p
i
[log ((2π¯h)
3
f
(a)
) − 1]+
+
X
(b)
Z
dP J
(a)(b)
log ((2π¯h)
3
f
(a)
)
,
S
i
≡ −k
B
c
X
(a)
Z
dP p
i
f
(a)
[log ((2π¯h)
3
f
(a)
) − 1]
S
i
;i
= k
B
c
2
X
(a)
m
(a)
Z
dP f
(a)
∂F
i
(a)
∂p
i
−
X
(b)
Z
dP J
(a)(b)
log ((2π¯h)
3
f
(a)
)
.
σ
(coll)
≡ −k
B
c
2
X
(a)(b)
m
(a)
Z
dP J
(a)(b)
(p) log ((2π¯h)
3
f
(a)
)
σ
(coll)
=
k
B
c
4
X
(a),(b)
Z
dP dQdP
0
dQ
0
W(p, q|p
0
, q
0
)f
(a)
(p
0
)f
(b)
(q
0
) Y (X) ,
Y (X) ≡ (X − 1) log X , X ≡
f
(a)
(p)f
(b)
(q)
f
(a)
(p
0
)f
(b)
(q
0
)
.
à çàòåì ïðîñóììèðóåì ïî âñåì ñîðòàì ÷àñòèö. Êàê îáû÷íî, kB - ïîñòîÿííàÿ Áîëüöìàíà, h̄ - ïîñòîÿííàÿ Ïëàíêà. Ðåçóëüòàò ýòèõ îïå- ðàöèé ìîæíî çàïèñàòü â âèäå i 2X Z ∂F(a) S;ii = −kB c m(a) dP f(a) i [log ((2πh̄)3 f(a) ) − 1]+ (a) ∂p XZ + dP J(a)(b) log ((2πh̄)3 f(a) ) , (268) (b) ãäå ôîðìóëîé XZ S i ≡ −kB c dP pi f(a) [log ((2πh̄)3 f(a) ) − 1] (269) (a) ïðåäñòàâëåí ïîëíûé ÷åòûðå-âåêòîð ïîòîêà ýíòðîïèè ñìåñè. Äëÿ êè- íåòè÷åñêîãî óðàâíåíèÿ âòîðîãî òèïà (247) àíàëîãè÷íûé ðåçóëüòàò âûãëÿäèò çàìåòíî ïðîùå: i X Z ∂F(a) XZ S;ii = kB c2 m(a) dP f(a) − dP J(a)(b) log ((2πh̄)3 f(a) ) . (a) ∂pi (b) (270) Âûðàæåíèÿ â ïðàâûõ ÷àñòÿõ óðàâíåíèé (268),(270) åñòü ñêàëÿðû ïðîèçâîäñòâà ýíòðîïèè, êîòîðûå åñòåñòâåííûì îáðàçîì ðàñïàäàþò- ñÿ íà ñòîëêíîâèòåëüíóþ è ñèëîâóþ ÷àñòè. Ñòîëêíîâèòåëüíàÿ ÷àñòü ïðîèçâîäñòâà ýíòðîïèè íåîòðèöàòåëüíà. Ïîêàæåì ýòî íà ïðèìåðå èíòåãðàëà ñòîëêíîâåíèé Áîëüöìàíà. Äåéñòâèòåëüíî, âåëè÷èíà X Z σ(coll) ≡ −kB c2 m(a) dP J(a)(b) (p) log ((2πh̄)3 f(a) ) (271) (a)(b) â ñèëó ñâîéñòâ ñèììåòðèè ñêîáêè Áîëüöìàíà è ñêàëÿðà âåðîÿòíîñòè ïåðåõîäà ìîæåò áûòü ïåðåïèñàíà â âèäå kB c X Z 0 0 0 0 0 0 σ(coll) = dP dQdP dQ W(p, q|p , q )f(a) (p )f(b) (q ) Y (X) , 4 (a),(b) f(a) (p)f(b) (q) Y (X) ≡ (X − 1) log X , X≡ . (272) f(a) (p0 )f(b) (q 0 ) 62
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