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Assignments
1. Business Vocabulary.
A. Complete the sentences with the appropriate form of the word in paren-
theses.
1. (environment) Many businesses are making their _____ concerns prof-
itable.
2. (process) Chemical companies are now beginning to change their
manufacturing ______.
3. (gas) Many pollutants are in _______ form.
4. (resource) Pollutants are now seen as possible _______.
5. (prevent) Companies are concerned with the _______ of pollution.
6. (innovate) Many businesses such as 3M are recognizing the impor-
tance of promoting technological _______.
7. (operate) Large _____ are finding profitable methods of using
waste materials.
8. (mobile) The 3M Corporation has _______ all personnel in its
efforts to prevent pollution.
9. (propose) ______ for eliminating or reducing a pollutant are being
sought at some companies.
10. (protect) Currently, many companies are concerned with environ-
mental _______.
11. (efficient) Businesses are concerned with the _______ of their op-
eration while reducing pollution.
B. Below is a brief summary of the article. From the list of words, there is
one choice that is most suitable for each blank in the article. Each word is
used one time. Be sure to use the appropriate form.
marginal profit refinery sludge
services by-product
managed effluents
multinational annual
scenario increase
This article looks at how businesses are working toward environ-
mental protection at the same time as making economic progress. For ex-
ample, the 3M Company, a _______ based in the U.S., has significantly
reduced its _______ pollutant load. Another company, Georgia-Pacific, is
producing salable alcohol as a _______ of its normal processing. Shell Oil
34
of Canada has found that some material such as _______ may be used to
_______ agricultural production. Elaborate _______ are used by AKZO in
planning future products and _______. Not only are poorly _______ busi-
nesses finding opportunities to improve their efficiency: a significant
amount of _______ can be gained by recovering usable material from
_______.
2. Structural Review.
A. Expressing manner and purpose "with", "by" and "to".
Some kinds of verb phrases (for example, PREP + VB + -ing or to +
INF) are used very freely in technical and business writing. In the course of
his article, the author uses by with a verb telling how a dozen times. The full
form of this use by is by means of. It indicates that the verb following by
tells how. A verb following by ends in -ing.
Example 1: Ciba-Geigy has saved not only money but also energy by
changing its manufacturing processes.
Example 2
: By 1979, 3M has saved over $20 million by viewing pol-
lution as an opportunity for profit.
Almost as often, the author uses to before a verb to tell why. A verb
after to has the infinitive form.
Example 1
: Many large companies have added divisions to provide
environmental goods and services.
Example 2
: To boost construction and engineering in a recession pe-
riod, Japan used strict pollution control legislation.
Using either by or to, combine the following pairs of sentences into one,
changing the verb if necessary.
Example
: Shell Oil in Canada has been disposing of its refinery
waste. It is ploughing it into the prairie.
Solution
: Shell Oil in Canada has been disposing of its refinery waste
it into the prairie.
1. English Clays has been using its china clay wastes. It is making
pre-fabricated houses.
2. The Treasury Department has stationed men in the plant. They are
making sure that no alcohol is converted to drinking liquor.
3. Such major companies as Shell and BP are directing their own de-
velopment. They are forecasting from scenarios.
Assignments of Canada has found that some material such as _______ may be used to
_______ agricultural production. Elaborate _______ are used by AKZO in
1. Business Vocabulary. planning future products and _______. Not only are poorly _______ busi-
A. Complete the sentences with the appropriate form of the word in paren- nesses finding opportunities to improve their efficiency: a significant
theses. amount of _______ can be gained by recovering usable material from
_______.
1. (environment) Many businesses are making their _____ concerns prof-
itable. 2. Structural Review.
2. (process) Chemical companies are now beginning to change their
A. Expressing manner and purpose "with", "by" and "to".
manufacturing ______.
3. (gas) Many pollutants are in _______ form. Some kinds of verb phrases (for example, PREP + VB + -ing or to +
4. (resource) Pollutants are now seen as possible _______. INF) are used very freely in technical and business writing. In the course of
5. (prevent) Companies are concerned with the _______ of pollution. his article, the author uses by with a verb telling how a dozen times. The full
6. (innovate) Many businesses such as 3M are recognizing the impor- form of this use by is by means of. It indicates that the verb following by
tance of promoting technological _______. tells how. A verb following by ends in -ing.
7. (operate) Large _____ are finding profitable methods of using Example 1: Ciba-Geigy has saved not only money but also energy by
waste materials. changing its manufacturing processes.
8. (mobile) The 3M Corporation has _______ all personnel in its Example 2: By 1979, 3M has saved over $20 million by viewing pol-
efforts to prevent pollution. lution as an opportunity for profit.
9. (propose) ______ for eliminating or reducing a pollutant are being
sought at some companies. Almost as often, the author uses to before a verb to tell why. A verb
10. (protect) Currently, many companies are concerned with environ- after to has the infinitive form.
mental _______. Example 1: Many large companies have added divisions to provide
11. (efficient) Businesses are concerned with the _______ of their op- environmental goods and services.
eration while reducing pollution. Example 2: To boost construction and engineering in a recession pe-
riod, Japan used strict pollution control legislation.
B. Below is a brief summary of the article. From the list of words, there is Using either by or to, combine the following pairs of sentences into one,
one choice that is most suitable for each blank in the article. Each word is changing the verb if necessary.
used one time. Be sure to use the appropriate form. Example: Shell Oil in Canada has been disposing of its refinery
marginal profit refinery sludge waste. It is ploughing it into the prairie.
services by-product Solution: Shell Oil in Canada has been disposing of its refinery waste
managed effluents it into the prairie.
multinational annual 1. English Clays has been using its china clay wastes. It is making
scenario increase pre-fabricated houses.
This article looks at how businesses are working toward environ- 2. The Treasury Department has stationed men in the plant. They are
mental protection at the same time as making economic progress. For ex- making sure that no alcohol is converted to drinking liquor.
ample, the 3M Company, a _______ based in the U.S., has significantly 3. Such major companies as Shell and BP are directing their own de-
reduced its _______ pollutant load. Another company, Georgia-Pacific, is velopment. They are forecasting from scenarios.
producing salable alcohol as a _______ of its normal processing. Shell Oil
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