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1. Commodity exporters impose a tax. Prices in the consuming countries
rise.
2. Prices in the consuming countries rise. They buy less.
3. Exporters of the eight products impose a ten per cent tax. The addi-
tional revenue is about four billion dollars a year.
4. They put on a twenty-five per cent tax. The income is ten and a half
billion dollars.
5. Sugar-producing countries agree a twenty-five per cent export tax.
They increase their revenue by about twenty-three per cent.
6. A ten per cent tax is imposed for six of the primary products. The re-
sulting falls in purchasing leave producers worse off.
IX. Practice the form of the third conditional by combining these pairs of
sentences, like this:
There was a shortage of soya products. The price of vegetables oil rose. →
If there hadn’t been a shortage of soya products, the price of vegetable oils
wouldn’t have risen.
Unreal condition in the Past: If + S + Past Perfect Verb Form,
Its Results: S + would + Perfect Infinitive Form
1. There was excessive speculation in palm oil. Trading in future was
suspended.
2. The clearing house was not experienced. It handled the speculation
badly.
3. Six companies defaulted. The exchange was sued.
4. The exchange was sued. Its reputation was undermined.
5. The futures market’s price rose rapidly. The physical selling price was
affected.
6. There were doubts about the true price of palm oil. People lost confi-
dence in our company.
X. Read the text and answer the question:
What is the author’s point of view on the propaganda campaign against the
evils of American chickens?
Russia’s Latest Export: Bad Jokes About US Chickens
1. MOSCOW, March 1 - Weary, perhaps, of tolerating American dik-
tats on everything from steel exports to NATO expansion, Russian offi-
cials are poised to strike a retaliatory blow at one of the United States' soft
spots: its thighs. Chicken thighs.
Agriculture Minister Aleksei V. Gordeyev said today that his office had
stopped issuing permits to import American chicken, the single most
popular item from the United States. Within 10 days, he said, Russia may
issue an outright ban against American chicken.
The issue, he said, is whether American fowl are too foul for Russians
to eat. "Russia is not a garbage dump for poor quality food," he told the
Interfax news service, "and if specific answers are not received, imports
themselves will be stopped from March 10."
2. Mr. Gordeyev's pronouncement capped a virtual drumstick-beat of
warnings from Russian officials that much of American poultry - loaded
with antibiotics, stuffed with hormones and preservatives and generally
unnatural - presents an unacceptable threat to Russian health.
Others suspect the minister may be reacting to pressure from Russian
farmers, who are battling a deluge of cheap American chickens. Still oth-
ers believe the government is simply playing good politics, showing the
Russian flag in the face of what most Russians regard as an insulting
American attitude toward them.
3. The Moscow business daily Kommersant pretty much summed that
up today with an article on the accusations of drug-and-hormone-fed
chicken that made a sly reference to the disqualification of Russian skiers
at the Salt Lake City Olympics: "They banned chicken for doping," the
headline read.
Puns aside - difficult as that is - the chicken flap is no laughing matter
to American farmers, who send more birds to Russia than anywhere else.
American chicken is so popular that the slang term for it is "Bush legs"
- an allusion to the rush of thighs and legs after the first President Bush
dispatched food aid to hungry Russians in the early 1990's.
What is the author’s point of view on the propaganda campaign against the
1. Commodity exporters impose a tax. Prices in the consuming countries evils of American chickens?
rise.
2. Prices in the consuming countries rise. They buy less. Russia’s Latest Export: Bad Jokes About US Chickens
3. Exporters of the eight products impose a ten per cent tax. The addi-
tional revenue is about four billion dollars a year. 1. MOSCOW, March 1 - Weary, perhaps, of tolerating American dik-
4. They put on a twenty-five per cent tax. The income is ten and a half tats on everything from steel exports to NATO expansion, Russian offi-
billion dollars. cials are poised to strike a retaliatory blow at one of the United States' soft
5. Sugar-producing countries agree a twenty-five per cent export tax. spots: its thighs. Chicken thighs.
They increase their revenue by about twenty-three per cent. Agriculture Minister Aleksei V. Gordeyev said today that his office had
6. A ten per cent tax is imposed for six of the primary products. The re- stopped issuing permits to import American chicken, the single most
sulting falls in purchasing leave producers worse off. popular item from the United States. Within 10 days, he said, Russia may
issue an outright ban against American chicken.
IX. Practice the form of the third conditional by combining these pairs of The issue, he said, is whether American fowl are too foul for Russians
sentences, like this: to eat. "Russia is not a garbage dump for poor quality food," he told the
Interfax news service, "and if specific answers are not received, imports
There was a shortage of soya products. The price of vegetables oil rose. → themselves will be stopped from March 10."
If there hadn’t been a shortage of soya products, the price of vegetable oils 2. Mr. Gordeyev's pronouncement capped a virtual drumstick-beat of
wouldn’t have risen. warnings from Russian officials that much of American poultry - loaded
with antibiotics, stuffed with hormones and preservatives and generally
Unreal condition in the Past: If + S + Past Perfect Verb Form, unnatural - presents an unacceptable threat to Russian health.
Its Results: S + would + Perfect Infinitive Form Others suspect the minister may be reacting to pressure from Russian
farmers, who are battling a deluge of cheap American chickens. Still oth-
1. There was excessive speculation in palm oil. Trading in future was ers believe the government is simply playing good politics, showing the
suspended. Russian flag in the face of what most Russians regard as an insulting
2. The clearing house was not experienced. It handled the speculation American attitude toward them.
badly. 3. The Moscow business daily Kommersant pretty much summed that
3. Six companies defaulted. The exchange was sued. up today with an article on the accusations of drug-and-hormone-fed
4. The exchange was sued. Its reputation was undermined. chicken that made a sly reference to the disqualification of Russian skiers
5. The futures market’s price rose rapidly. The physical selling price was at the Salt Lake City Olympics: "They banned chicken for doping," the
affected. headline read.
6. There were doubts about the true price of palm oil. People lost confi- Puns aside - difficult as that is - the chicken flap is no laughing matter
dence in our company. to American farmers, who send more birds to Russia than anywhere else.
American chicken is so popular that the slang term for it is "Bush legs"
X. Read the text and answer the question: - an allusion to the rush of thighs and legs after the first President Bush
dispatched food aid to hungry Russians in the early 1990's.
22
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