Theoretical English Grammar. Part 1. Morphology. Бочарова М.В. - 32 стр.

       (3) syntactically:


o have no syntactic functions of their own; substitute for words of other classes
(= are used in their functions) � Syntactic groups of ProN:
      – Noun-Pronouns (= Substantivized ProN),
      – Adjective-Pronouns (= Adjectivized ProN).
o With some pronouns there is no substitution:
   – I, you, they, ‘dummy’ it


� an extremely heterogeneous class, but it has two defining characteristics
which unite the class of pronouns and make it different from all the other word
classes:
– no lexical meaning but semantics of indication;
– no syntactic roles of their own but the function of substitution.



                            THE NUMERAL IN ENGLISH


o a class of notional words with two parallel sets – Cardinal and Ordinal Nu-
merals.


o General semantics:
      – Cardinal Numerals express the idea of an abstract number;
      – Ordinal Numerals express the idea of the order of things in succession.


o Morphologically unchangeable = have no formal morphological markers


! Cardinal Numerals should not be confused with Nouns with numerical mean-
ing



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