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(3) syntactically:
o have no syntactic functions of their own; substitute for words of other classes
(= are used in their functions) ĺ Syntactic groups of ProN:
– Noun-Pronouns (= Substantivized ProN),
– Adjective-Pronouns (= Adjectivized ProN).
o With some pronouns there is no substitution:
– I, you, they, ‘dummy’ it
ĺ an extremely heterogeneous class, but it has two defining characteristics
which unite the class of pronouns and make it different from all the other word
classes:
– no lexical meaning but semantics of indication;
– no syntactic roles of their own but the function of substitution.
THE NUMERAL IN ENGLISH
o a class of notional words with two parallel sets – Cardinal and Ordinal Nu-
merals.
o General semantics:
– Cardinal Numerals express the idea of an abstract number;
– Ordinal Numerals express the idea of the order of things in succession.
o Morphologically unchangeable = have no formal morphological markers
! Cardinal Numerals should not be confused with Nouns with numerical mean-
ing
32
(3) syntactically: o have no syntactic functions of their own; substitute for words of other classes (= are used in their functions) � Syntactic groups of ProN: – Noun-Pronouns (= Substantivized ProN), – Adjective-Pronouns (= Adjectivized ProN). o With some pronouns there is no substitution: – I, you, they, ‘dummy’ it � an extremely heterogeneous class, but it has two defining characteristics which unite the class of pronouns and make it different from all the other word classes: – no lexical meaning but semantics of indication; – no syntactic roles of their own but the function of substitution. THE NUMERAL IN ENGLISH o a class of notional words with two parallel sets – Cardinal and Ordinal Nu- merals. o General semantics: – Cardinal Numerals express the idea of an abstract number; – Ordinal Numerals express the idea of the order of things in succession. o Morphologically unchangeable = have no formal morphological markers ! Cardinal Numerals should not be confused with Nouns with numerical mean- ing 32
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