RENDERING. Богатова С.М - 17 стр.

      EXERCISE 2. Discuss the following questions                                  In summary, to sum up, we may state that … [listing / sum-
                                                                            ming up the main points]
      9) Is democracy on the march everywhere including Russia?
                                                                                   In sum, the economic issues are at the centre of this debate. [list-
      10)       Do you agree that undue press attacks undermine de-
                                                                            ing / summing up the main points: much more formal]
         velopment?
                                                                                   In conclusion / to conclude, I should like to point out that …
      11)       Do the media sometimes get in the way of solving
                                                                            [finishing the text, talk]
         problems in Russia?
                                                                                   We are forced to conclude that unemployment will always be
      12)       Do you agree that democracy is impossible without a
                                                                            with us.
         free press?
      13)       What kind of press would you describe as irresponsi-
                                                                                  Markers for explaining, exemplifying, rephrasing, etc.
         ble?
      14)       Do you agree with the writer that the press keeps pow-            To learn new words properly a lot of recycling is needed; in
         erful people from becoming too powerful?                           other words / that is to say, you have to study the same words over
      15)       How do you see the role of the press in Russia?             and over again. [That is to say is much more formal]
      16)       Do you think that the state of things with press freedom          Some English words are hard to pronounce, for example / for
         has changed in Russia since 1995, the time when this article       instance, ‘eighth’.
         was written?                                                             The Parliament has different committees. Briefly, these consist
                                                                            of two main types. [the explanation will be short and not comprehen-
      EXERCISE 3. Summarize your own opinion of the problem                 sive]
discussed in the article in a single paragraph.                                   She is, so to speak / as it were, living in a world of her own.
                                                                            [makes what you are saying sound less definite/precise; As is were is
      E. Linking ideas                                                      more formal.]

      Organizing a formal text                                                    EXERCISE 1. Fill the gaps with typical written-text mark-
                                                                            ers. The first letter of each phrase/word is given.
       First / Firstly / First of all, we must consider …
       I should like to preface my argument with a true story.                      Points for discussion crime and punishment:
       Next, it is important to remember that …                                     F........ (1), it is important to understand why people commit
       Secondly and thirdly are also used with first/firstly for lists.     crimes, i........ (2), what are the motives which make people do things
       Finally/Lastly, we should recall that … [not ‘at last’]              they would never normally do?
       The text alludes to several themes that need closer examination.             F........ (3), a young man steals clothes from a shop; is it because
[quoting/referring]                                                         he is unemployed? A drug addict? Mentally disturbed? N........ (4), it is
       Turning to the question of foreign policy, … [changing to a new      essential to consider whether punishment makes any difference, or is it
topic]                                                                      just, a........ (5), a kind of revenge?
       Leaving aside the question of pollution, there are also other rea-           L........ (6), how can we help victims of crime? I........ (7), how
sons … [the writer will not deal with that question here]                   can we get to the roots of the problem, rather than just attacking the
       In parenthesis, let us not forget that … [making a point that is a   symptoms?
side issue, not part of the main argument]

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