RENDERING. Богатова С.М - 6 стр.

       Talks have so far got nowhere. So long as the Serbs and Croats           Â Read the entire article more than once, if necessary.
showed a minimum of good faith, the Europeans did what they could to            Â Underline key or repeated words and phrases.
keep them at the bargaining table. After months of fruitless negotia-           Â Distinguish the author's main idea from details which support
tions and countless broken ceasefires, European patience has worn thin.           that idea or are repetitions and variations on the same theme.
       The EC, having imposed economic sanctions, is now asking the             Â Draft a several-sentence summary which defines the author's
UN to add oil to its embargo on arms sales to Yugoslavia. Sanctions               main idea broadly enough to account for most of the sup-
alone are unlikely to end the killing. Neither Serbia’s nor Croatia’s             porting material introduced.
leaders seem unduly troubled by the economic wreckage the war is
causing. There is no point in sending peacekeepers. Where there is no           How to Summarize a Complex Article
peace to keep without a durable truce, peacekeepers, even armed ones,           Â Preview the article, skimming headings and first sentences;
are simply targets.                                                               clarify any difficult terms with a dictionary or glossary.
                                                                                Â Read the opening and closing paragraphs.
      B. Summarizing                                                            Â Read the article at least twice.
                                                                                Â Isolate each important point as it occurs in the article and
      A summary –                                                                 write it down in a complete sentence.
      Â   is an essential condensation in your own words.                       Â State the thesis of the article in one sentence.
      Â   answers the question «what is the author really saying?»              Â Note how ideas are related to each other – comparison/con-
      Â   is the result of careful «listening» to the author.                     trast, cause-effect relationships, problem-solution patterns.
      Â   remains faithful to the author's emphasis and interpretation.         Â Write your summary by reconstructing the author's argument
      Â   does not disagree with or critique the author's opinions.               from your list of important ideas; draw attention to the rela-
                                                                                  tionships among ideas by using transitional phrases (like
      How to Summarize a Paragraph                                                nevertheless, however, in contrast).
      Â Read the paragraph twice.
      Â Isolate the topic sentence; if it conveys reliably the meaning          Remember, your summary should
        of the paragraph, consider it your summary.                             Â read like a coherent, unified paragraph in its own right.
      Â Underline key phrases and look for any crucial distinctions             Â account for most of what the author says in your own words.
        or contrasts which form the framework of the paragraph (the             Â maintain a neutral, impartial tone.
        difference in attitudes about women in the workforce before             (See Unit V for more clues on How to Summarize Effectively)
        World War II versus after WWII, for example).
                                                                                  In courses that you take, your teachers want you to learn from
      Â Write your own summarizing sentence which makes use of
                                                                          what you read. They want you to absorb new ideas from authors and to
        those key phrases or distinctions.
                                                                          improve you English from exposure to new texts. Both new ideas and
      How to Summarize an Article                                         better language will come if you strive to put the new ideas into your
      Â Ask yourself why the article was written and who is the in-       own words rather than copy the author’s words.
        tended audience.                                                          In summarizing, you want to capture the essence of what the au-
      Â Consider the author's background. Does he have a special          thor has said, but in fewer words. There is no point in a summary that
        bias or point of view?                                            is as long as the original.
      Â Compare the opening and closing paragraphs.
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