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Within the vast territory of the country there are various types of climate, from
arctic in the north to subtropical in the south. In the middle of the country the climate
is temperate and continental.
Russia is very rich in oil, coal, iron ore, natural gas, copper, nickel and other
mineral resources.
Russia is a parliamentary republic. The Head of State is the President. The
legislative powers are exercised by the Duma.
The capital of Russia is Moscow. It is its largest political, scientific, cultural
and industrial centre, and is one of the oldest Russian cities.
At present, the political and economic situation in the country is rather
complicated. The national economy of the Russian Federation faces many problems.
Industrial production is decreasing. Prices are constantly rising, the rate of inflation is
very high. People are losing their jobs because many factories and plants are going
bankrupt.
Answer the questions:
1. Where does the territory of Russia lie?
2. What is the surface area of Russia?
3. What is the role of the Volga River in the history of Russia?
4. What natural resources are deposited in Russia?
5. What countries does Russia border on?
6. What industrial goods are produced in Russia?
7. What Russian cities have you visited?
TEXT 7
Ulyanovsk
Ulyanovsk is a major industrial, cultural and scientific centre in the middle
Volga area. It is well known both in our country and all over the world because
Lenin was born here. Before the revolution our town was called Simbirsk . It was
founded in 1648. At that time it was a small town on the bank of the Volga; there
were no large houses, big factories, or railways, but there were 33 magnificent
churches and cathedrals in it. The most beautiful of them were Troitsky, Nikolaevsky
and Spaso - Voznesensky cathedrals. It is difficult for to realize that we couldn't keep
these masterpieces for coming generations.
In 1924 Simbirsk was renamed Ulyanovsk, after Lenin.
Today Ulyanovsk, which has a population of about 700,000 people, is a major
industrial centre. Its factories, of which there are about 70, produce cars, motors,
machine - tools, footwear, furniture and other goods.
Ulyanovsk is also a big cultural and scientific centre. It has higher educational
establishments: 4 universities (Teacher's Training, Technical, Agricultural Academy
and The State University), 2 higher military schools, two theatres, a philharmonic
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