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37
SOPHIA KOVALEVSKAYA
1. The great Russian mathematician, Sophia Kovalevskaya lived and worked
in the second half of the 19th century. It was the period of Russia's progress in
science and culture. It was the time when Lobachevsky created a new non-Euclideao
geometry and Chebyshev organized a new school of mathematicians. Sophia was
born in Moscow on February 15, 1850 in a well-off family
1
but spent her childhood
in a village. Her father, a well-educated person himself, gave a good education to his
children. When Sophia was eight an experienced teacher taught her arithmetic,
grammar, literature, geography and history. The girl showed an unusual gift in
mathematics and at the age of twelve puzzled her teacher when she gave a new
solution to a difficult unsolved problem.
2. In 1867 Sophia wanted to continue her studies in St. Petersburg, where her
family spent winters. But it was impossible for a woman to attend lectures at the
University. Even Chebyshev who at that time headed the Russian mathematical
school had no right to allow her to attend his own lectures. The only way out for her
was to go abroad, but in this case there was a condition that the woman should be
married Sophia married Vladimir Kovalevsky and soon left Russia.
3. Sophia Kovalevskaya studied at Heidelberg University, she attended
lectures and did a lot of research and practical work. In 1871 the Kovalevskys went to
Berlin. During low years in Berlin Sophia wrote three dissertations. When three
scientific masterpieces by Kovalevskaya appeared in 1874, Hettingen University
awarded her the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. On her return to Russia she vainly
tried to get a post at St. Petersburg University. The tsarist Government didn't want to
have women-professors. Again S. Kovalevskaya returned to Berlin where she
completed her work on the refraction of light in crystals. In 1883 she accepted the
offer of Stockholm University and was elected professor of mechanics and held this
post until her death in 1891. In her numerous scientific works Kovalevskaya solved
the problems which many scientists couldn't solve during many years. When she
became a world-famous scientist, Kovalevskaya won recognition in her own country.
In 1889 she was elected л Corresponding member of the Russian Academy of
Sciences.
Задание 8.
Переведите на русский язык в письменной форме абзацы 2, 3
Контрольная работа №4
1. Сложные формы причастия. Независимый причастный оборот.
2. Объектный инфинитивный оборот. Субъектный инфинитивный оборот.
3. Условные придаточные предложения трех типов.
4. Различные значения слов: since, as well as, only, the only, both.
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