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Задание 5.
Переведите предложения и определите функции глаголов should and
would.
1. You should check the readings of this meter.
2. It is recommended that these exercises should be done orally.
3. The oral exercises should be followed by written exercises.
Задание 6.
Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы
1. What were the first wheels like?
2. Who demonstrated the first locomotive in the United Kingdom?
THE WHEEL, STEAM CARRIAGES AND RAILWAYS
1. One of mankind's earliest and greatest inventions was the wheel. Without it
there could be no industry, little transportation or communication, only crude
farming, no electric power.
2. Nobody knows when the wheel was invented. There is no trace of the wheel
during the Stone Age, and it was not known to the American Indians until the White
Man came. In the Old World it came into use during the Bronze Age, when horses
and oxen were used as work animals. At first all wheels were solid discs. The
problem to be solved was to make the wheels lighter and at the same time keep them
strong. At first holes were made in the wheels, and they became somewhat lighter.
Then wheels with spokes were made. Finally, the wheel was covered with iron and
then with rubber.
3. The steam engine appeared in 1763. It was followed by several improved
steam road carriages. Their further development was prevented by railway
companies. The rapid spread of railways in the United Kingdom was due largely to
George Stephenson, who was an enthusiast as well as a brilliant engineer. He
demonstrated a locomotive that could run eighteen kilometres an hour and carry
passengers cheaper than horses carried them.
4. In Russia the tsar's government showed little interest in railway
transportation. After long debates the government, which did not believe in its own
engineers, finally decided to invite foreign engineers to submit
1
projects for building
railways in Russia.
5. Yet at the very time when foreign engineers were submitting their plans, in
the Urals a steam locomotive was actually in use. It had been invented and built by
the Cherepanovs, father and son, both skilful mechanics and serfs
2
. The first Russian
locomotive was, of course, a "baby" compared with the locomotives of today. Under
the boiler
3
there were two cylinders which turned the locomotive's two driving
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