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41
1. The number of chemical elements known to science has grown considerably since
Mendeleev created his Periodic Table in 1871.
2. Both
Lomonosov and
Rihman studied atmospheric electricity, the latter
being
Lomonosov’s friend.
3. Some students work and study at the same
time.
4. It is useful to remember that the industrial revolution began only at the end of the
18
th
century.
Задание 5.
Переведите предложения и определите функции глаголов should and
would.
1. You should have checked the readings of this meter long ago.
2. They thought that we should take part in the discussion.
3. You should have written the summary of this article long ago.
Задание 6.
Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы:
1. In what country was the steam engine built?
2. How many seats were there in the first cars?
THE EARLY DAYS OF THE AUTOMOBILE
1. One of the earliest attempts to propel a vehicle by mechanical power was
suggested by Isaac Newton. But the first self-propelled vehicle was constructed by
the French military engineer Cugnot in 1763. He built a steam-driven engine which
had three wheels, carried two passengers and ran at maximum speed of four miles.
The carriage was a great achievement but it was far from perfect and extremely
inefficient. The supply of steam lasted only 15 minutes and the carriage had to stop
every 100 yards to make more steam.
2. In 1825 a steam engine was built in Great Britain. The vehicle carried 18
passengers and covered 8 miles in 45 minutes. However, the progress of motor pars
met with great opposition in Great Britain. Further development of the motor car
lagged because of the restrictions resulting from legislative acts. The most famous of
these acts was the Red Flag Act of 1865, according to which the speed of the steam-
driven vehicles was limited to 4 miles per hour and a man with a red flag had to walk
in front of it.
3. From 1860 to 1900 was a period of the application of gasoline engines to
motor cars in many countries. The first to perfect gasoline engine was N. Otto who
introduced the four-stroke cycle of operation. By that time motor cars got a standard
shape and appearance.
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