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18
ɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɤ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɭ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɢɡɨɝɧɭɬɨɫɬɢ. Ɋɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ ɧɨɫɹɬ ɭɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɜɢɛɪɚɰɢɣ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ ɨɬɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɸɬ ɨɬ
ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɨɜ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɫɬɢ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɢɥɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ. ɉɨɞ ɤɨɥɨɞɤɚɦɢ ɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɞɟɦɩɮɟɪɵ
ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ (ɩɪɨɜɨɥɨɱɧɵɟ, ɪɟɡɢɧɨɜɵɟ, ɮɬɨɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɨɜɵɟ). ɂɧɨɝɞɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɠɟɫɬɤɢɦɢ ɬɪɭɛɚɦɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɝɢɛɤɢɯ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ – ɪɟɡɢɧɨ-
ɬɤɚɧɟɜɵɯ ɲɥɚɧɝɨɜ ɫ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɭɩɪɨɱɧɹɸɳɟɣ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɩɥɟɬɤɨɣ ɢ
ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɤɚɪɤɚɫɨɦ. Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɵ ɧɟɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵ ɤ
ɜɢɛɪɚɰɢɹɦ, ɭɞɨɛɧɵ ɜ ɦɨɧɬɚɠɟ, ɧɨ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ.
4. ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ȽɌȾ
ɇɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ȽɌȾ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ
ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɬɹɝɢ (ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ) ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ, ɧɟɡɚɩɭɫɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɚɦɨɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ,
ɩɪɨɝɚɪɚ ɫɬɟɧɨɤ ɠɚɪɨɜɵɯ ɬɪɭɛ ɤɚɦɟɪ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ, ɫɬɟɧɨɤ ɮɨɪɫɚɠɧɵɯ ɤɚɦɟɪ ɢ
ɫɬɜɨɪɨɤ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɥɚ, ɩɟɪɟɝɪɟɜɚ ɬɭɪɛɢɧɵ, ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɤɢ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɚ ɢ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɥɚ, ɭɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ
ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ, ɩɨɠɚɪɚ ɧɚ ɥɟɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɟ.
ɇɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ
ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ:
– ɡɚɫɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɚɦɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɟɣ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ
ɭɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɚɪ ɬɪɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ ɢ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɭɪɵ,
ɡɚɫɨɪɟɧɢɸ ɠɢɤɥɟɪɨɜ ɢ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ;
– ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɢ ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɨɜ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɜ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɟ ɫɟɪɧɢɫɬɵɯ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɜɨɞɵ;
– ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɨɜ;
– ɡɚɫɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɚɦɢ ɥɶɞɚ, ɩɨɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɩɪɢ
ɡɚɦɟɪɡɚɧɢɢ
ɜɨɞɵ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɣɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɟ;
– ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɨɤ ɜ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚɯ ɢ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚɯ;
– ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɫɭɧɨɤ, ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɯ
ɧɟɝɟɪɦɟɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɷɪɨɡɢɟɣ ɫɨɩɟɥ ɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ, ɤɨɤɫɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɭ ɫɨɩɥɚ
ɮɨɪɫɭɧɤɢ;
– ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɝɟɪɦɟɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ, ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɨɜ.
18
ɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɤ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɭ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɢɡɨɝɧɭɬɨɫɬɢ. Ɋɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ ɧɨɫɹɬ ɭɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɜɢɛɪɚɰɢɣ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ ɨɬɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɸɬ ɨɬ
ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɨɜ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɫɬɢ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɢɥɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ. ɉɨɞ ɤɨɥɨɞɤɚɦɢ ɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɞɟɦɩɮɟɪɵ
ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ (ɩɪɨɜɨɥɨɱɧɵɟ, ɪɟɡɢɧɨɜɵɟ, ɮɬɨɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɨɜɵɟ). ɂɧɨɝɞɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɠɟɫɬɤɢɦɢ ɬɪɭɛɚɦɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɝɢɛɤɢɯ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ – ɪɟɡɢɧɨ-
ɬɤɚɧɟɜɵɯ ɲɥɚɧɝɨɜ ɫ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɭɩɪɨɱɧɹɸɳɟɣ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɩɥɟɬɤɨɣ ɢ
ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɤɚɪɤɚɫɨɦ. Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɵ ɧɟɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵ ɤ
ɜɢɛɪɚɰɢɹɦ, ɭɞɨɛɧɵ ɜ ɦɨɧɬɚɠɟ, ɧɨ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ.
4. ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ȽɌȾ
ɇɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ȽɌȾ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ
ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɬɹɝɢ (ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ) ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ, ɧɟɡɚɩɭɫɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɚɦɨɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ,
ɩɪɨɝɚɪɚ ɫɬɟɧɨɤ ɠɚɪɨɜɵɯ ɬɪɭɛ ɤɚɦɟɪ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ, ɫɬɟɧɨɤ ɮɨɪɫɚɠɧɵɯ ɤɚɦɟɪ ɢ
ɫɬɜɨɪɨɤ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɥɚ, ɩɟɪɟɝɪɟɜɚ ɬɭɪɛɢɧɵ, ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɤɢ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɚ ɢ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɥɚ, ɭɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ
ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ, ɩɨɠɚɪɚ ɧɚ ɥɟɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɟ.
ɇɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ:
– ɡɚɫɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɚɦɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɟɣ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ
ɭɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɚɪ ɬɪɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ ɢ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɭɪɵ,
ɡɚɫɨɪɟɧɢɸ ɠɢɤɥɟɪɨɜ ɢ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ;
– ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɢ ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɨɜ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɜ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɟ ɫɟɪɧɢɫɬɵɯ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɜɨɞɵ;
– ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɨɜ;
– ɡɚɫɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɚɦɢ ɥɶɞɚ, ɩɨɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɩɪɢ
ɡɚɦɟɪɡɚɧɢɢ ɜɨɞɵ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɣɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɟ;
– ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɨɤ ɜ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚɯ ɢ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚɯ;
– ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɫɭɧɨɤ, ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɯ
ɧɟɝɟɪɦɟɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɷɪɨɡɢɟɣ ɫɨɩɟɥ ɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ, ɤɨɤɫɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɭ ɫɨɩɥɚ
ɮɨɪɫɭɧɤɢ;
– ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɝɟɪɦɟɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ, ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɨɜ.
