Основы измерений. Долгополов В.Т. - 36 стр.

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МФТИ | Москва

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Jbk.37.
17. Ij_h[jZah\Zgb_ baf_jy_fh]h kb]gZeZ.
Hi_jZpbhggu_ mkbebl_eb.
Hq_gv qZklh gZqZevgh_ ij_h[jZah\Zgb_ baf_jy_fh]h kb]gZeZ ijboh^blky ijhba\h^blv g_
klZg^Zjlgufb, Z kZfh^_evgufb ijb[hjZfb, ki_pbZevgh kha^Zggufb ^ey dhgdj_lgh]h
wdki_jbf_glZ. H^gbf ba \Z`g_crbo we_f_glh\, bkihevam_fuf ^ey ihkljh_gby ih^h[guo
ij_h[jZah\Zl_e_c y\ey_lky hi_jZpbhgguc mkbebl_ev. <g_rgbc \b^ hi_jZpbhggh]h
mkbebl_ey (k m\_ebq_gb_f) ihdZaZg gZ Jbk.38.
Jbk.38.
Hi_jZpbhggu_ mkbebl_eb ij_^klZ\eyxl kh[hc mkbebl_eb ihklhyggh]h lhdZ k
gbadbfb agZq_gbyfb \oh^guo lhdh\ b k \ukhdbf dhwnnbpb_glhf mkbe_gby. Ih jZaf_jZf
b p_g_ hgb ijZdlbq_kdb g_ hlebqZxlky hl hl^_evgh]h ljZgabklhjZ. < lh `_ \j_fy,
ij_h[jZah\Zgb_ kb]gZeZ ko_fhc gZ HM ihqlb bkdexqbl_evgh hij_^_ey_lky k\hckl\Zfb
p_i_c h[jZlguo k\ya_c mkbebl_ey b hlebqZ_lky \ukhdhc klZ[bevghklvx b
\hkijhba\h^bfhklvx. Djhf_ lh]h, [eZ]h^Zjy ijZdlbq_kdb b^_Zevguf oZjZdl_jbklbdZf
HM j_ZebaZpby jZaebqguo we_dljhgguo ko_f gZ bo hkgh\_ hdZau\Z_lky agZqbl_evgh
ijhs_, q_f gZ hl^_evguo ljZgabklhjZo. Ihwlhfm hi_jZpbhggu_ mkbebl_eb ihqlb
iheghklvx \ul_kgbeb hl^_evgu_ ljZgabklhju \ dZq_kl\_ we_f_glh\ ko_f ("dbjibqbdh\")
\h fgh]bo h[eZklyo ZgZeh]h\hc ko_fhl_ogbdb.
GZ jbk.36 ^Zgh ko_fgh_ h[hagZq_gb_ hi_jZpbhggh]h mkbebl_ey. <oh^ghc dZkdZ^ _]h
\uihegy_lky \ \b^_ ^bnn_j_gpbZevgh]h mkbebl_ey, lZd qlh hi_jZpbhgguc mkbebl_ev
bf__l ^\Z \oh^Z. < ^Zevg_cr_f [m^_f, ijb g_h[oh^bfhklb, h[hagZqZlv g_bg\_jlbjmxsbc
\oh^ [md\hc p (positive - iheh`bl_evguc), Z bg\_jlbjmxsbc - [md\hc n (negative -
hljbpZl_evguc). <uoh^gh_ gZijy`_gb_ U
\uo
gZoh^blky \ h^ghc nZa_ k jZaghklvx \oh^guo
gZijy`_gbc:
U
\uo
= U1 - U2
Qlh[u h[_ki_qblv \hafh`ghklv jZ[hlu hi_jZpbhggh]h mkbebl_ey dZd k iheh`bl_evgufb,
lZd b k hljbpZl_evgufb \oh^gufb kb]gZeZfb, ke_^m_l bkihevah\Zlv ^\moiheyjgh_ 
                                      Jbk.37.
17. Ij_h[jZah\Zgb_ baf_jy_fh]h kb]gZeZ.
      Hi_jZpbhggu_ mkbebl_eb.
Hq_gv qZklh gZqZevgh_ ij_h[jZah\Zgb_ baf_jy_fh]h kb]gZeZ ijboh^blky ijhba\h^blv g_
klZg^Zjlgufb, Z kZfh^_evgufb ijb[hjZfb, ki_pbZevgh kha^Zggufb ^ey dhgdj_lgh]h
wdki_jbf_glZ. H^gbf ba \Z`g_crbo we_f_glh\, bkihevam_fuf ^ey ihkljh_gby ih^h[guo
ij_h[jZah\Zl_e_c y\ey_lky hi_jZpbhgguc mkbebl_ev.

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