Методические указания и контрольное задание №5 по английскому языку для студентов заочного факультета специальностей 170600, 170700, 120100, 120200. Доржиева Г.Б - 12 стр.

                         Vocabulary list:                              impurities such as sulphur, silicon, phosphorus and manganese.
   1. blast furnace - доменная печь                                       4. Cast iron. Ordinary cast iron is produced by melting pig
   2. set light - зажигать                                             iron and pouring it into moulds, made of sand, to get it to set into
   3. blow air - продувать воздух                                      complex shapes. It is a cheap material that is soft, fairly brittle
   4.charge (n)- шихта                                                 and unsuitable for anything that takes a tension or bending load.
   5.melt(v) - плавить                                                 In compression there is virtually no plastic deformation or
   6. flow out(v) - вытекать                                           elasticity; it just suddenly fractures across a plane at about 550.
   7.trough (n)- желоб                                                 So cast iron is used for castings such as crankcases,
   8.impurities (n)- включения                                         gearboxes and rear axles.
   9. pour (cast) into moulds - заливать в формы                          5. If the pig iron used for casting is specially selected to have
   10. pig iron - чушковый чугун                                       smaller amounts of carbon and a low sulphur and phosphorous
   11. grey cast iron - серый чугун                                    content and the rate of cooling the casting is controlled to a slow
   12. forge(v) - ковать                                               rate, then the structure of the iron is improved. The graphite can
   13. roast(v) - выжигать                                             be made to form into balls or modules, which are much stronger
   14. casting(n) - отливка                                            than the usual plates or starfish shapes and the iron part tends to
   15.substitute - заменитель                                          form as pearlite. These cast irons are two or three times as
                                                                       strong in tension as ordinary grey cast iron and have a certain
                      Metals for Motoring                              amount of elasticity and less brittleness. They are used for
                                                                       crankshafts as it is much easier to cast a crankshaft shape than to
   1. The parts of your car come in all kinds of different shapes      forge it.
and sizes and, what is equally important, in a wide variety of             6. Copper. The main constituent of the brass/bronze family is
different materials. Let us have an in-depth look at car materials.    copper, which is obtained by roasting the copper sulphide ores
  2. Iron. Obviously the bulk of a motor car is made from metals       to remove the arsenic and antimony impurities and then
based on iron. Iron is an element that has a chemical symbol Fe        smelting the ores in a furnace to produce the molten metal.
and is the father of the ferrous family. It is obtained by filling a   Copper is soft, ductile and easily worked and is difficult to
blast furnace with iron oxides or carbonates and coke, setting         produce in a really pure state. Plain copper is seldom used for
light to the mass and blowing air through it. The carbon in the        anything but electrical components in cars, due to its low
coke and the oxygen in the iron oxide combine to produce carbon        resistance. It is used for pipework because of its ductility, but
monoxide that burns and takes more oxygen from the iron part of        has been replaced by cheaper and better materials.
the furnace charge to give carbon dioxide. As the temperature              7. Aluminum. Aluminum is produced by electrolytic means
increases the iron melts and, from time to time, is allowed to flow    from bauxite, an aluminum hydroxide, and makes a good clean
out of the bottom of the furnace into special troughs cut into the     casting with a fairly coarse grain structure. It is a fair substitute
sand floor of the iron works.                                          for cast iron except that it is a bit more ductile. On the other
   3. Blast furnace-produced iron, the basic material of steels,       hand, it can be rolled or drawn into sheets, rods, and tubes that
contains between 3 and 4% of carbon and smaller percentages of         can be bent due to their ductility whereas cast iron cannot.