Методические указания по работе с темой "Терроризм" (для студентов юридического факультета, изучающих английский язык). Дорофеева Т.Н. - 5 стр.

       In broad terms the causes that have commonly compelled people to         of State designates countries as state sponsors of terrorism if they ac-
engage in terrorism are grievances borne of political oppression, cultural      tively assist or aid terrorists, and also if they harbor past terrorists or re-
domination, economic exploitation, ethnic discrimination, and religious         fuse to renounce terrorism as an instrument of policy.
persecution. Perceived inequities in the distribution of wealth and politi-            State sponsorship has proven invaluable to some terrorist organiza-
cal power have led some terrorists to attempt to overthrow democrati-           tions – by supplying arms, money, and a safe haven, among other things.
cally elected governments. To achieve a fairer society, they would re-          In doing so, it has transformed ordinary groups, with otherwise limited
place these governments with socialist or communist regimes. Left-wing          capabilities, into more powerful and menacing opponents. State sponsor-
terrorist groups of the 1960s and 1970s with such aims included Ger-            ship can also place at terrorists’ disposal the resources of an established
many’s Baader-Meinhof Gang, Italy’s Red Brigades, and the Weather               country’s diplomatic, military, and intelligence services. These services
Underground in the United States. Other terrorists have sought to fulfill       improve the training of terrorists and facilitate planning and operations.
some mission that they believe to be divinely inspired or millennialist         Finally, governments have paid terrorists handsomely for their services.
(related to the end of the world). The Japanese religious cult Aum Shin-        They thereby turn weak and financially impoverished groups into formi-
rikyo, responsible for a nerve gas attack on the Tokyo subway in 1995           dable, well-endowed terrorist organizations with an ability to attract re-
that killed 12 people, falls into this category. Still other terrorists have    cruits and sustain their struggle.
embraced comparatively more defined and comprehensible goals such as                   The U.S. Department of State has designated seven countries as
the re-establishment of a national homeland (for example, Basque separa-        state sponsors of terrorism: Iran, Iraq, Syria, Libya, Cuba, North Korea,
tists in Spain) or the unification of a divided nation (Irish nationalists in   and Sudan. In the year 2000, it named Iran as the most active supporter
Northern Ireland).                                                              of terrorism for aid to groups such as Hezbollah, Hamas, and Palestine
       Finally, some terrorists are motivated by very specific issues, such     Islamic Jihad. Although Afghanistan’s Taliban government sponsored al-
as opposition to legalized abortion or nuclear energy, or the championing       Qaeda, the radical group led by Saudi exile Osama bin Laden, the United
of environmental concerns and animal rights. They hope to pressure both         States did not recognize the Taliban as a legitimate government and thus
the public and its representatives in government to enact legislation di-       did not list it as a state sponsor of terrorism.
rectly reflecting their particular concern. Militant animal rights activists,
                                                                                Answer the questions:
for example, have used violence against scientists and laboratory techni-
                                                                                   1. What are common reasons of terrorism?
cians in their campaign to halt medical experimentation involving ani-
                                                                                   2. Can inequities in the distribution of wealth or political power
mals. Radical environmentalists have sabotaged logging operations and                 lead terrorists to attempt to overthrow elected government?
the construction of power grids to protest the spoiling of natural wilder-         3. Are there any specific issues (causes) motivating some terrorists?
ness areas. Extremists who oppose legalized abortion in the United States             Prove it by giving examples from the text.
have attacked clinics and murdered doctors and other employees in hopes            4. In what way do state sponsors of terrorism help some terrorist
of denying women the right to abortion.                                               organization?
       National governments have at times aided terrorists to further their        5. What countries are state sponsors of terrorism, according to the
own foreign policy goals. So-called state-sponsored terrorism, however,               U. S. Department of State?
falls into a different category altogether. State-sponsored terrorism is a
form of covert (secret) warfare, a means to wage war secretly through the       Find the examples of the verbals (Gerund, Infinitive, Participles)
use of terrorist surrogates (stand-ins) as hired guns. The U.S. Department      give their translation and define their forms.
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