Английский язык. Дьякова Н.П. - 47 стр.

                                         Вариант 1

Задание 1. Прочитайте и переведите текст.

                               TEMPERATURE OF WATER

     Temperature plays an important role for all living organisms. Fish vary considera-
bly in their tolerance both of the range of temperature and of the abruptness of temper-
ature changes. Fish that ordinary live in environment with a stable temperature are apt
to be quite sensitive to change. The most of the freshwater fishes
of the tropics, succumb readily to a drop of few degrees in temperature. Many marine
fishes approach the shores in spring as the water warms up but desert the shoals in late
summer when the water temperature approaches its peak. Many of the so-called
"warm-water fishes" as the black bass become extremely sluggish as the water cools,
and when the ice starts forming on ponds they may sometimes be observed lying en-
tirely motionless and practically powerless to move. On the shallow coasts a sudden
cold spell will occasionally kill large quantities of marine fish that are tapped by the
sudden cooling of the shallow waters.
     The growth rate of fish depends to a large extent on temperature. Digestion
proceeds very slowly at low temperatures. This is often shown by differences
in growth rate between populations of the same species inhabiting waters of different
temperature. The decrease in the rate of growth with lowered temperature is well
marked in the Pacific salmon. Thus most of the sokeye salmon of the Frazer River ma-
ture at 4 years while those in the Karluk River on Kodiak Island mature chiefly
at 5 years. In rivers of the Alaska Peninsula and Bristol Bay large numbers mature
at six years, and in some years the six-year-old fish may predominate in some rivers.
       One of the ways in which temperature affects populations is by its effect
on reproduction. Thus most species do not spawn unless the water temperature is with-
in certain limits. As the temperature rises later in the year in northern latitudes spawn-
ing is correspondingly delayed. Thus the Pacific herring may spawn as early as De-
cember at San Diego, but they spawn later northward along the coast, as late as June at
St. Michaels in Alaska.
Задание 2. Переведите следующие словосочетания с английского на русский.
     To play an important role; tolerance of fish; stable temperature of water; to succumb
to a drop in temperature of water; to approach the peak; to approach the shores; to be
sluggish; sudden cooling of shallow waters; growth rate of populations; decrease in the
rate of growth; to affect populations; to delay spawning; to depend on temperature.

Задание 3. Переведите следующие словосочетания на английский язык.
    Внезапность изменения температуры, выносливость к режиму температуры,
быть чувствительным к изменениям температуры воды, черный окунь становит-
ся вялым (медлительным) при охлаждении воды, темп роста рыбы зависит от
температуры, температура воды влияет на воспроизводство рыбы, температура
воды повышается , температура воды понижается, нерест задерживается в север-
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