Английский язык: Сборник текстов и упражнений для студентов специальностей "Промышленное рыболовство". Дьякова Н.П. - 4 стр.

UptoLike

ВУЗ: 

КамчатГТУ | Петропавловск-Камчатский

Составители: 

Рубрика: 

UNIT 1
FISHERIES
TEXT 1
HARVESTING LIFE FROM WATER
In the simplest definition, a fishery is a union of fishes and humans. Fisheries
involve the taking of living organisms from water for human use, primarily as food.
Other uses for these resources include the manufacture of jewelry, furs, purses, but-
tons, drugs and the pursuit of pleasure. Fisheries exist for species other than fin fish
and shellfish, including such things as seaweeds, sponges, corals, jelly fish, sea urc-
hins, frogs and turtles. Fisheries supply industries and provide occupations and
recreation. In all, people are major predators upon fishes, shellfishes and other aqua-
tic organisms, and have been for many thousands of years. There is little reason to
think of fisheries as “unnatural” sources of loss to living aquatic resources. Predation,
whether by humans or not, is a rule in aquatic ecosystems rather than an exception.
The sustaining principle in fisheries is that organisms are generally able to reproduce
enough to repopulate following heavy losses, whether those losses are due to preda-
tion, environmental extremes, or other causes.
Humans can be extremely effective predators, however, and we now have the
capability to harvest stocks beyond their abilities to recover. We also realize that, and
we can adjust our predatory impacts over the short term in order to maximize them
over the long term. This idea, sacrificing the short-term gain to assure greater success
over the long term, brings forth a host of conflicts among participants in a fishery.
Most of these conflicts are unique to human predators.
The scale and degree of capitalization of fisheries varies considerably-from
heavily capitalized, “high-tech” off shore operations where much of the product is
processed at sea and sold throughout the world, to “low-tech” near shore operations,
often operating at subsistence levels and without the benefit of refrigeration, com-
mercial long distance transportation and product processing. Fisheries of the latter
type are common in developing countries that have fishery resources but lack a so-
phisticated economic infrastructure. Such fisheries are called artisanal fisheries. Fi-
nally, we have the practice of fishing for pleasure. This spectrum of possibilities of-
fers a great challenge to fishery scientists owing to the wide range of separate, often
conflicting uses of fishery resources.
Vocabulary
fisheries рыболовство, рыбный промысел
primarily в первую очередь
jewelry драгоценности
fur мех
purse кошелек, сумка
4
                                   UNIT 1
                                 FISHERIES
                                   TEXT 1
                        HARVESTING LIFE FROM WATER

       In the simplest definition, a fishery is a union of fishes and humans. Fisheries
involve the taking of living organisms from water for human use, primarily as food.
Other uses for these resources include the manufacture of jewelry, furs, purses, but-
tons, drugs and the pursuit of pleasure. Fisheries exist for species other than fin fish
and shellfish, including such things as seaweeds, sponges, corals, jelly fish, sea urc-
hins, frogs and turtles. Fisheries supply industries and provide occupations and
recreation. In all, people are major predators upon fishes, shellfishes and other aqua-
tic organisms, and have been for many thousands of years. There is little reason to
think of fisheries as “unnatural” sources of loss to living aquatic resources. Predation,
whether by humans or not, is a rule in aquatic ecosystems rather than an exception.
The sustaining principle in fisheries is that organisms are generally able to reproduce
enough to repopulate following heavy losses, whether those losses are due to preda-
tion, environmental extremes, or other causes.
       Humans can be extremely effective predators, however, and we now have the
capability to harvest stocks beyond their abilities to recover. We also realize that, and
we can adjust our predatory impacts over the short term in order to maximize them
over the long term. This idea, sacrificing the short-term gain to assure greater success
over the long term, brings forth a host of conflicts among participants in a fishery.
Most of these conflicts are unique to human predators.
       The scale and degree of capitalization of fisheries varies considerably-from
heavily capitalized, “high-tech” off shore operations where much of the product is
processed at sea and sold throughout the world, to “low-tech” near shore operations,
often operating at subsistence levels and without the benefit of refrigeration, com-
mercial long distance transportation and product processing. Fisheries of the latter
type are common in developing countries that have fishery resources but lack a so-
phisticated economic infrastructure. Such fisheries are called artisanal fisheries. Fi-
nally, we have the practice of fishing for pleasure. This spectrum of possibilities of-
fers a great challenge to fishery scientists owing to the wide range of separate, often
conflicting uses of fishery resources.

                                      Vocabulary

      fisheries                        рыболовство, рыбный промысел
      primarily                        в первую очередь
      jewelry                          драгоценности
      fur                              мех
      purse                            кошелек, сумка

                                           4

Страницы