Элементы теории категорий. Ершов А.В. - 53 стр.

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Z A B
A
×
B
×
.
m: Spec(Z[x, x
1
]) × Spec(Z[x, x
1
]) Spec(Z[x, x
1
]).
Alg m
0
Z[x, x
1
]
Z[x, x
1
]
Alg
Z m
0
Z[x, x
1
] Z[x, x
1
]
Z
Z[x, x
1
].
Z[x, x
1
]
Z
Z[x, x
1
] Z[x 1, (x 1)
1
, 1
x, (1 x)
1
], x 1 1 x
m
0
: Z[x, x
1
] Z[x 1, (x 1)
1
, 1 x, (1 x)
1
],
m
0
(x) = x x ( m
0
(x
1
) = (x x)
1
)
Z
a, b A
×
f, g Hom
Alg
(Z[x, x
1
], A) f(x) =
a, g(x) = b.
Hom
Alg
(Z[x, x
1
], A) × Hom
Alg
(Z[x, x
1
], A)
Hom
Alg
(Z[x, x
1
]
Z
Z[x, x
1
], A)
h
0
m
0
(A)
Hom
Alg
(Z[x, x
1
], A),
Hom
Alg
(Z[x, x
1
]
Z
Z[x, x
1
], A) 3 k 7→ k m
0
Hom
Alg
(Z[x, x
1
], A),
(f, g) Hom
Alg
(Z[x, x
1
], A) × Hom
Alg
(Z[x, x
1
], A)
fg Hom
Alg
(Z[x, x
1
], A), (fg)(x) = ab. k
Hom
Alg
(Z[x, x
1
]
Z
Z[x, x
1
], A) (f, g)
k i
1
= f, k i
2
= g,
i
1
: Z[x, x
1
] Z[x, x
1
]
Z
Z[x, x
1
], x 7→ x 1,