Ireland. A history. Part II. Иностранный язык. Фомина И.В. - 4 стр.

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who could be charged high rents without incurring the capital investment needed to
bring in cross-Channel settlers.
   Settlers certainly came in. But the Irish still lived all around them. The chance of
totally colonizing the forfeited counties was lost and the native population were not
brought into the ‘civilizing’ conformity of the English Protestant cultural pattern. As
a result the Catholic Gaelic Irish, while actually occupying a good deal more land
than had originally been allotted to them, lost none of their resentment because they
regarded it all as theirs in the first place. And the Protestants, less numerous, less
dominant, felt insecure.

2. Retell the text.

                                        Unit II.

    1. Read and translate the text.
    Gradually the English and Scottish Protestant settlement of Ulster was established.
Ulster, once the most Gaelic Irish and Catholic province of all, now had a mixed
population of opposite interests and beliefs.
    From the very start fear was in the minds of the new settlers. And on 23
September 1641, what Protestants had long been dreading happened: there was a
great rebellion of the Gaelic Irish Catholics who, though loudly proclaiming their
loyalty to the Crown, struck swiftly and fiercely for the return of their lands.
    The rebellion was directed against all new settlements everywhere in Ireland but,
because the Ulster settlement was the largest, it was there that the effect was most
shattering. It must be remembered that the 1641 rebellion took place when Protestants
were far outnumbered by the Irish Catholics they lived among. Northern Ireland
Protestant attitudes today are still conditioned by the fact that they are a minority in
the whole of Ireland rather than by the fact that they are now a majority in the North.
    The rebellion of 1641 had a further all-important effect on the way things were to
go in Ireland. The Gaelic Irish had risen in the Catholic cause as well as the cause of
their own lands lost to the new settlers. But the Old English settlers in Ireland were
Catholics too, like the Gaelic Irish. So, the two Catholic groups in Ireland became
increasingly identified in interest and now joined in rebellion to begin what was at
first a slightly uneasy, but for the future all-important, self-protective alliance.
    Awful events were slowly hammering the people of Ireland into two nations
regardless of race: one Catholic and the other Protestant. And the man who was to do
so much to further that process was to arrive in Ireland at the end of the decade. His
name: Oliver Cromwell.
    Cromwell had by then won the Civil War against King Charles I in England, but
in Ireland there were still strong Royalist armies in alliance with Irish Catholic rebels.
In August 1649 Cromwell came over.
    He struck first at Drogheda, branding the name of the town into Irish history, as a
traditionally classical example of English ‘frightfulness’ in Ireland.
    The effect of this, Cromwell’s final ruthless campaign of the Civil War, on the
future history of Ireland was devastating. In the name of English government, all Irish