Английский для сварщиков. Гричин С.В. - 36 стр.

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36
Pre-reading activity
Find the following figures in the text and say what they relate to:
140, 20, 5171, 2200, 1945, 525, 531, 2710, 250,000, 58, 117, 1915, 1931,
1977, 120, 176,000, 500,000, 586,000, 17,000, 80, 373,500, 52.
Model: 2200 - 2200 passengers were killed on the Mississippi River when
the steamboat Sultana blew up.
Reading
Text 3. Welding's Vital Part
in Major American Historical Events
Shipbuilding
The finest hours for U.S.
shipbuilding were during World
War II when 2710 Liberty ships,
531 Victory ships and 525 T-2
tankers were built for the war
effort. Through 1945, some 5171
vessels of all types were constructed
to American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) class during the Maritime
Commission wartime shipbuilding program. At this time in shipbuilding
history, welding was replacing riveting as the main method of assembly.
The importance of welding was emphasized early in the war when
President Roosevelt sent a letter to Prime Minister Winston Churchill, who is
said to have read it aloud to the members of Britain's House of Commons.
The letter read in part, "Here there had been developed a welding technique
which enables us to construct standard merchant ships with a speed
unequaled in the history of merchant shipping."
The technique the President was referring to was undoubtedly
submerged arc welding, which was capable of joining steel plate as much as
20 times faster than any other welding process at that time.
During this period of assimilation, eight Liberty ships were lost due to
a problem called brittle fracture. At first, many blamed welding, but history
would soon prove that the real cause of brittle fracture was steels that were
notch sensitive at operating temperatures. The steel was found to have high
sulfur and phosphorus contents. On more than 1400 ships, crack arrestors
were used to prevent crack propagation. No crack was known to grow past

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