Английский язык. Громовая И.И - 46 стр.

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44
Computer software can be divided into two very broad categories – system
software and application software.
Text 3 (E). Programming
The word “program” has come into use to refer to a sequence of instructions,
which a computer carries out. A program for a computer is an exact sequence
1
of
instructions that it uses to solve a problem. It usually consists of subroutines or
subprograms, which are portions of it.
Programming for automatic computer requires a good deal of
2
knowledge,
common sense
3
, and training. Specially, programming requires:
(1) understanding the operations of a business or the steps of a scientific
calculations; (2) understanding the best way for having a computer carry out these
operations and steps; (3) arriving at a good sequence of commands for the computer
to solve the problem; and (4) adequately translating these commands into the
computer language.
Programming for the computer has several forms. One form is the construction
of compiling programs or compilers – which use the computer to take subprograms
out of a library and link (соединять) them together appropriately (соответствен-
но) so as to solve a new problem. A second form is the construction of programs
called interpreters, which accept instructions in certain standard words and translate
theses words into a machine language, so that the machine “knows” what the
words “mean”. A third form is the development of common languages for automatic
programming for problems, so that any problem when expressed in such a language
can be given to any other automatic computer, and the computer will translate the
common language into its own instruction code, and then solve the problem.
NOTES:
1
exact sequence – точная последовательность
2
a good deal of – много
3
common sense – здравый смысл
Контрольная работа № 3
Вариант 1
1. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в них гла-
гол-сказуемое, определите его время, вид и залог. Переведите пред-
ложения на русский язык.
Например: is based – Pr. Simple Passive

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