Лекции по лексикологии английского языка. Гусева Г.В. - 18 стр.

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phrases: launching pad – in its direct meaning стартовая площадка in

its transferred meaning – отправной пункт;

b) a large group of phraseological units was formed from free word groups

by transferring their meaning (simile, contrast, metaphor), e.g. granny

farm – пансионат для престарелых, as old as the hills – старый как

мир, Troyan horse – компьютерная программа предварительно

составленная для повреждения компьютера;

c) phradeological units can be formed by means of alliteration, e.g. a sad

sack – несчастный случай, culture vulture – человек,

интересующийся искусством;

d) by means of rhyming, e.g. by hook or by crook - by any possible means,

high and dry – left without help;

e) by using synonyms, e.g. to pick and choose – to be terribly choosy, really

and truly – quite honestly;

f) by means of expressiveness, e.g. My aunt! Hear, hear!

g) by means of distorting a word group, e.g. odds and ends was formed

from odd ends;

h) by using archaisms, e.g. in brown study means in gloomy meditation

where both components preserve their archaic meanings;

i) by using a sentence in a different sphere of life, e.g.

that cock won‘t fight

can be used as a free word-group when it is used in sports (cock fighting)

but it becomes a phraseological unit when it is used in everyday life;

j) when we use some unreal image, e.g. to have butterflies in the stomach –

испытывать волнение;

k) by using expressions of writers or politicians in everyday life, e.g.

corridors of power (Snow);

Secondary ways of forming phraseological units are those when a

phraseological unit is formed on the basis of another phraseological unit:

a) conversion, e.g. to vote with one‘s feet was converted into vote with one‘s

feet;