Лекции по лексикологии английского языка. Гусева Г.В. - 49 стр.

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c) Italian borrowings: bank, bankrupt (the 14
th
century); volcano, bronze,
manifesto, bulletin (the 17
th
century); various musical terms – falsetto,
solo, duet; gazette, incognito (the 20
th
century);
d) Spanish borrowings: trade terms – cargo, embargo; names of dances and
musical instruments – tango, rumba, guitar; names of vegetables and
fruit;
e) Scandinavian borrowings. There are 700 of them. they are such nouns as
bull, cake, egg, knife; such adjectives as flat, ill, happy; such verbs as
call, die, guess; pronouns and connective words same, both, though;
pronominal forms they, them, their;
f) German borrowings. There are 800 of them: geological terms – zink,
quarts, gneiss; words denoting objects used in everyday life –
kindergarten., lobby, rucksack; units borrowed in the period of the
Second World War – SS-man, Luftwaffe, Bundeswehr; ; units borrowed
after the period of the Second World War – Ostarbeaiter, Volkswagen;
g) Dutch borrowings. There are about 2000 of them. They were mainly
borrowed in the 14
th
century: freight, skipper, pump (they are mainly
nautical terms);
h) Russian borrowings: words connected with trade relations – sterlet,
vodka, pood, copeck, rouble; words which came into English trough
Russian literature of the 19
th
century – zemstvo, volost, moujik; words
connected with political system – udarnik, collective farm, Soviet power,
five-year plan.
VI. Etymological Doublets
Sometimes a word is borrowed twice from the same language. As a result,
we have two different words with different spellings and meanings but historically
they come back to one and the same word. Such words are called etymological
doublets:
Latino-French doublets

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