Лекции по лексикологии английского языка. Гусева Г.В. - 48 стр.

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corrected. Completely assimilated nouns form their plural by means of s-inflexion:

gate – gates. In completely assimilated French words the stress has been shifted

from the last syllable to the first one: capital, service.

Partly assimilated borrowings are subdivided into the following groups:

a) borrowings non-assimilated semantically, because they denote objects

and notions peculiar to the country from the language of which they were

borrowed: sari, sombrero (clothing), taiga, steppe (nature), rickshaw,

troika(foreign vehicles), rupee, zloty, peseta (money);

b) borrowings non-assimilated grammatically: some nouns borrowed from

Latin and Greek retain their plural forms – bacillus-bacilli, genius-genii;

c) borrowings non-assimilated phonetically, e.g. some French borrowings

retained their stress on the final syllable or special combinations of

sounds: police, cartoon, camouflage, boulevard;

d) borrowings partly assimilated graphically, e.g. in Greek borrowings ph

denotes the sound [f] (phoneme, morpheme), ch denotes the sound [k]

(chaos, chemistry).

Non-assimilated borrowings (barbarisms) are borrowings which are used by

Englishmen rather seldom and are non-assimilated, e.g. addio (Italian), têt-á- têt

(French), duende (Spanish).

V. Classification of Borrowings According to the Language from which

They were Borrowed

a) Romanic borrowings (Latin and Greek). Zhey appeared in English during

the Middle English period due to the Great Revival of Learning:

memorandum, minimum, maximum, veto;

b) French borrowings: words relating to government – administer, empire;

words relating to military affairs: soldier, battle; words relating to

jurisprudence: advocate, barrister; words relating to fashion: luxary,

coat; words relating to jewelry: emerald, pearl; words relating to food

and cooking: dinner, appetite;