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Distributional anlysis helps to describe the word’s meaning. the word has
different meanings in different patterns: to treat smb well (treat + N + Adv) – to
behave towards; to treat smb to ice-cream (treat + N + to + N) – to supply with
sth at one’s own expence.
The interdependence of distribution and meaning is also observed at the
level of word-groups: water tap – tap water. A distributional pattern as such has its
own meaning: to coax smb into accepting the suggestion – make smb do smth by
means of smth. The pattern retains this meaning no matter what verb is used in the
structure V + N + into + V-ing: to coax/talk/kiss/flatter/ beat smb into doing smth.
Productivity depends on the word’s distributional meaning. We can make up
and understand any nonce-word whose pattern is familiar to the speaker and the
hearer: smiler, kissable.
VI. Transformational Analysis
Transformational analysis consists in repatterning identical distributional
patterns in order to discover difference or sameness of their meaning. It is used to
investigate polysemantic patterns, e.g. compounds which have the same pattern (n
+ n) may have different lexical meanings. This is shown by transformational
procedure: dogfight – a fight between dogs; dogcart – a cart drawn by dogs.
Transformational analysis is a kind of intraligual translation, a kind of
paraphrasing: his work is excellent – his excellent work – the excellence of his work
– he works excellently.
VII. Componental Analysis
In Componental analysis linguists proceed from the assumption that the
smallest units of meaning are sememes (or semes) and that sememes and lexemes
(or lexical items) are usually not in one-to-one but in one-to-many correspondence.
