Современная архитектура. Гусева О.Г - 27 стр.

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26
c) the arrangements of the axes of buildings and their parts
3. The choice of materials and pigments is...
a) an effective tool of environmental control
b) a device for distribution of spaces
c) not connected with the function of a building
4. Extremes of heat and cold, light and sounds ...
a) are regulated by fundamental elements of the aesthetics of architecture
b) penetrate into the interior
c) are of less importance for interior control
5. The number of functions depends not only upon the type of building but also
upon...
a) the site type
b) the amount of sun it receives
c) the requirements of the culture and the habits and activities of the
individual patrons
Art Nouveau
An individual and highly romantic reaction to the currents of eclecticism and
academic classicism (Ecole des Beaux-Arts in late 19
lh
century architecture) Art
Nouveau was a diverse phenomenon which affected most of Europe and, some
historians argue, even North America between 1890 and 1910. It was known at the
time under a variety of rubrics — for instance, in England it was the "modern style",
in Germany it was called the Jugendstil, in France it was known variously as the
"style nouille" (noodle style), "style Guimard" (after Henry Guimard, who designed
the decorative entrance to the Paris Metro Stations in 1899), or Art Nouveau. The
Austrian named it Secessionsstil; in Italy it was the "stile Liberty" or "stile floreale",
and in Spain "modernisme".
Often referred to simply as the style 1900, Art Nouveau expresses an
essentially decorative trend that aims to highlight the ornamental value of the
curved line, which may be floral in origin (Belgium, France) or geometric
(Scotland, Austria). This line gives riseto two-dimensional, slender, undulating and
invariably asymmetrical forms. The applied arts were the first to be affected
(textiles by William Morris, 1880; wood-engraved title page to Wren's City
Churches by Arthur H. Mackmurdo, 1883; vases by Emile Galle, 1884; ornamental
lettering by Fernand Khnopff and Georges Lemmen, 1890-1; mural tapestry The Angels'
Vigil by Henry van de Velde; 1893; furniture by de Gustave Serrurier-Bovy, 1891).
Among the most characteristic architectural products of Art Nouveau, widely
differing in purpose and plastic expression, were: the houses built by Paul Hankar in
Brussels (1893—1900); works of Willem Kromhout (1864—1940), Th. Sluyterman

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