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55
Unit IV
Past Perfect – Past Perfect Continuous
Past Perfect
Form
She had left / waited.
Had she left / waited? Yes, she had. /
No, she hadn’t.
She had not left / waited.
The past perfect is used:
a) for an action which happened
before another past action or before
a stated time in the past.
She had already left when I got home.
She had arrived by 8 o’clock.
b) for an action which finished in the
past and whose result was visible in
the past.
Bill wasn’t in his office. He had
already left.
The past perfect is used with the
following time expressions: before,
after, already, for, since, just, till /
until, when, by, by the time, never,
etc.
Past Perfect Continuous
Form
He had been waiting.
Had he been waiting? Yes, he had. /
No, he hadn’t.
He had not been waiting.
The past perfect continuous is used:
a) for an action continuing up to a
specific time in the past. (The
emphasis is put on the duration of
an action).
He had been waiting for an hour
before she arrived.
b) for an action which lasted for some
time in the past and whose result
was visible in the past.
She was tired. She had been cleaning
the house all morning.
The past perfect continuous is used
with the following time expressions:
for, since, how long, before, until,
etc.
Unit V
Future Forms
We can refer to future actions with the future simple, be going to, the present
continuous, the present simple, the future continuous, the future perfect and
the future perfect continuous.
Future Simple
Form
be going to
Form
55
Unit IV
Past Perfect – Past Perfect Continuous
Past Perfect Past Perfect Continuous
Form Form
She had left / waited. He had been waiting.
Had she left / waited? Yes, she had. / Had he been waiting? Yes, he had. /
No, she hadn’t. No, he hadn’t.
She had not left / waited. He had not been waiting.
The past perfect is used: The past perfect continuous is used:
a) for an action which happened a) for an action continuing up to a
before another past action or before specific time in the past. (The
a stated time in the past. emphasis is put on the duration of
She had already left when I got home. an action).
She had arrived by 8 o’clock. He had been waiting for an hour
b) for an action which finished in the before she arrived.
past and whose result was visible in b) for an action which lasted for some
the past. time in the past and whose result
Bill wasn’t in his office. He had was visible in the past.
already left. She was tired. She had been cleaning
the house all morning.
The past perfect is used with the The past perfect continuous is used
following time expressions: before, with the following time expressions:
after, already, for, since, just, till / for, since, how long, before, until,
until, when, by, by the time, never, etc.
etc.
Unit V
Future Forms
We can refer to future actions with the future simple, be going to, the present
continuous, the present simple, the future continuous, the future perfect and
the future perfect continuous.
Future Simple be going to
Form Form
