Basic ecomonic terminology. Искренко Э.В - 31 стр.

      2. Speculative trading — the buying and selling of securities in
the hope of profiting from near-term changes in their prices.
      3. Short selling — selling borrowed shares of stock in the
expectation that their price will fall before they must be replaced,
so that replacement shares can be bought for less than the original
shares were sold for.
      4. Margin — the percentage of a stock or bond’s purchase price
that must be paid in cash.
      5. Initial public offering (IPO) — the first issuance (sale) to
the general public of stock in a corporation.
      6. Stock turnover — the total sales turnover for a stated period
divided by the total average stock carried during that period.
      7. Nikkei index — an index of 225 stocks traded on the Tokyo
Stock Exchange.
      8. Stock average (stock index) — an average of the current
market prices of selected stocks.
      9. Round lot — a unit of 100 shares of a particular stock.
      10. Odd lot — fewer than 100 shares of a particular stock.
      11. Market order — an order to a broker to buy or sell a certain
security at the current market price.
      12. Limit order — an order to a broker to buy a certain security
only if its price is less than or equal to a given limit.
      13. Stock split — the division of each outstanding share of a
corporation’s stock into a greater number of shares.
      14. Futures contract — an agreement to buy sell a commodity
at a guaranteed price on some specified future date.
      15. Option — the right to buy or sell a specified amount of
stock at a specified price within a certain period of time.
      16. Stock option — an option to sell a specific stock at a specific
price and time in the future.
      17. Call option — gives the purchaser the right to buy 100
shares of a specific stock at a specified price within specified time.
      18. Put option — gives the purchaser the right to sell 100
shares of a specific stock at a specified price within a specified time.
      19. Price-earnings ratio — in stock exchange listings, the
current price of a stock divided by the firm’s current annual earnings
per share.
      20. Bid price — in over-the-counter dealings, the price at
which a dealer is willing to buy a share of a specific stock.


                                 – 31 –