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II. Answer the questions to the text.
1. How many branches of chemistry are there?
2. Who was the creator of chemical analysis in Russia?
3. What kind of basic methods of the analysis are there?
4. Is the analytical chemistry influencing on all science very
much?
5. What was the first analytical device?
III. Retell the text.
22
ADDITION
TEST 1. MODAL VERBS AND ITS EQUALS
I. Translate the sentences with modal verbs (active voice).
1. Adsorption can be either general or selective. 2. Chemical changes
may take place with various degrees of rapidity. 3. Water for domestic use
must be free from objectionable color, taste, and odour. 4. Everyone needs to
know something of the chemistry of fuels. 5. Any student should become
familiar with the important properties of the elements and their behavior.
6. One should note the difference between the nitro and nitrate atom groups.
7. We often need to prove the identity of a substance. 8. For good solvent
action on ionic or polar compounds a solvent must be a polar substance.
9. At ordinary room temperature, oxygen may act slowly with substances,
and in some cases not at all. 10. Robert Boyle could not accept either the
theory of Aristotle or that of Democritus. 11. Surface solutions may be gas-
like, liquid-like, or solid-like. 12. The body can survive for several weeks
without food, but only a few days without water. 13. One should set down
the correct formulas for the molecular weights of the substances. 14. Forms
of matter may change, but matter itself is neither destroyed nor created.
15. Green plants can utilize nitrogen in the form of nitrites, or ammonium
salts. 16. Ideally a text-book should stimulate a student to further reading
and study. 17. Strong bases and acids (particularly oxidizing acids) may
cause severe burns to the skin.
II. Translate the sentences with modal verbs (passive voice).
1. Nineteenth century alkali manufacture and its accompanying opera-
tions may be most appropriately referred to as the Leblanc system. 2. So-
dium hydroxide must never be touched with the bare hands, and it must not
be used in contact with silk or woolen clothing or other fabrics. 3. Few sub-
stances, if any, ought strictly to be termed colorless. 4. Careful distinction
should be made between mixtures of the elements and compounds of the
same elements. 5. The characteristic odour of chlorine can often be deter-
mined in laundries and clothing-cleaning establishments. 6. Energy cannot
be created or destroyed by chemical means. 7. A chemical change may be
represented briefly by the use of symbols and formulas. 8. Every gas freely
mixes with every other gas in all proportions, and such a mixture may be
II. Answer the questions to the text.
1. How many branches of chemistry are there? ADDITION
2. Who was the creator of chemical analysis in Russia?
3. What kind of basic methods of the analysis are there? TEST 1. MODAL VERBS AND ITS EQUALS
4. Is the analytical chemistry influencing on all science very
much?
5. What was the first analytical device? I. Translate the sentences with modal verbs (active voice).
1. Adsorption can be either general or selective. 2. Chemical changes
may take place with various degrees of rapidity. 3. Water for domestic use
III. Retell the text.
must be free from objectionable color, taste, and odour. 4. Everyone needs to
know something of the chemistry of fuels. 5. Any student should become
familiar with the important properties of the elements and their behavior.
6. One should note the difference between the nitro and nitrate atom groups.
7. We often need to prove the identity of a substance. 8. For good solvent
action on ionic or polar compounds a solvent must be a polar substance.
9. At ordinary room temperature, oxygen may act slowly with substances,
and in some cases not at all. 10. Robert Boyle could not accept either the
theory of Aristotle or that of Democritus. 11. Surface solutions may be gas-
like, liquid-like, or solid-like. 12. The body can survive for several weeks
without food, but only a few days without water. 13. One should set down
the correct formulas for the molecular weights of the substances. 14. Forms
of matter may change, but matter itself is neither destroyed nor created.
15. Green plants can utilize nitrogen in the form of nitrites, or ammonium
salts. 16. Ideally a text-book should stimulate a student to further reading
and study. 17. Strong bases and acids (particularly oxidizing acids) may
cause severe burns to the skin.
II. Translate the sentences with modal verbs (passive voice).
1. Nineteenth century alkali manufacture and its accompanying opera-
tions may be most appropriately referred to as the Leblanc system. 2. So-
dium hydroxide must never be touched with the bare hands, and it must not
be used in contact with silk or woolen clothing or other fabrics. 3. Few sub-
stances, if any, ought strictly to be termed colorless. 4. Careful distinction
should be made between mixtures of the elements and compounds of the
same elements. 5. The characteristic odour of chlorine can often be deter-
mined in laundries and clothing-cleaning establishments. 6. Energy cannot
be created or destroyed by chemical means. 7. A chemical change may be
represented briefly by the use of symbols and formulas. 8. Every gas freely
mixes with every other gas in all proportions, and such a mixture may be
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