Методические рекомендации для подготовки к экзамену по английскому языку (для студентов химического факультета). Жилина Л.В. - 13 стр.

                                                                                прошлым летом. 10. Я пришел домой, поужинал и начал читать газету.
      TEST 2. TENSES IN ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICES                               11. Шел сильный дождь, когда я вышел вчера из университета. 12. Пока
                                                                                он готовился к лекции, я просматривал новые журналы. 13. Он хорошо
I. Translate into Russian.                                                      изучил английский язык до того, как поехал в Англию. 14. Я жил в Ле-
                                                                                нинграде до того, как приехал в Москву. 15. Мы уже пришли домой,
       a) 1. The books by N are often referred to. 2. Oxygen is spoken of       когда пошел дождь. 16. Я обедал, когда мне позвонили. 17. Дождь еще
here as an active element. 3. The action of the apparatus cannot be much        не прекратился, когда мы вышли из дому. 18. Мы упаковывали вещи,
relied upon as it is not new. 4. A mixture may be thought of as a combina-      когда он пришел.
tion of substances. 5. Matter is acted upon by cathode rays. 6. Faraday was
sent for. 7. The results of your experiment were spoken of last time. 8. Many   III. Translate the text below (in written form) and prepare 5 questions to
materials now commonly made use of were not even thought of thirty years        the text.
ago.                                                                                   Whether the differentiation of chemical substances into two groups:
       b) As is mentioned above it is stated that the atoms of mercury and      elements and compounds, was possible, had been achieved by the end of the
oxygen have been forced apart and as was to be expected two substances          eighteen century.
different from the red oxide have come into being. As is known this type of            A long time was required for the recognition of the fact that the ele-
change has been called a chemical change.                                       ments could be classified in the way now described by the Periodic Law.
       c) As is known the improvements that chemistry has made in metals        The first step was taken in 1817, when the German chemist J.W. Dobereiner
and other structural materials, such as oils have been so numerous that they    (1870-1849) showed that the combining weight of strontium lies midway
can not be listed.                                                              between the combining weight of the two related elements calcium and bar-
                                                                                ium. Some years later he found the existence of other “triads” of similar
       d) In 1911 some experiments were made by Ernest Rutherford which         elements (chlorine, bromine, iodine, lithium, sodium and potassium).
showed that the particles of which atoms are made up are very small in size            Other chemist then showed that the elements could be classified into
compared with the atoms. It is known that other nuclei, but this was not        groups consisting of more than three similar elements. Fluorine was added to
known before Lord Rutherford made his experiment.                               the halogens, and magnesium to the alkaline – earth metals.
       e) It is found by experiment that all substances can be divided into            Oxygen, sulphur, selenium, and tellurium had been classed as one
two classes elementary substances and compounds. As is stated an elemen-        group, and nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth as another
tary substance is composed of one element, a compound is composed of two        group of elements by 1854.
or more elements. It is known that an element is a kind of matter all of               In 1862 the French chemist A.E.B. de Chancourtois arranged the ele-
whose atoms have the same atomic number. This number can hence be re-           ments in the order of atomic weight on a helical curve in space. The English
ferred to as the atomic number of the element.                                  chemist Newlands in 1863 proposed a system of classification of the ele-
                                                                                ments in order of atomic weights, in which the elements were divided into
II. Say it in English using the Past Continuous, the Past Indefinite, the       seven groups of seven elements each. Both of these systems were not devel-
Past Perfect or the Past Perfect Continuous.                                    oped further. But the final and most important step was taken by Men-
      1. Что вы делали вчера в восемь часов вечера? 2. Спортсмены               deleyev. He classified the elements according to their atomic weights, their
тренировались вчера целый день. 3. Когда она вошла в комнату, дети              physical and chemical properties with special attention to valence. Men-
читали книгу. 4. Когда мы приехали в Горький, мы посетили музей                 deleyev not only classified the elements known to chemist at that time but
А.М. Горького и побывали в картинной галерее. 5. В прошлом году я               predicted the existence of some other elements.
часто ходила в театр. 6. Я обедал, когда он мне позвонил. 7. Дождь шел
с пяти до семи. 8. Я вчера читал весь вечер. 9. Я очень много читал

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