Квантовая теория двойного и тройного деления атомных ядер. Кадменский С.Г - 7 стр.

Ɋɢɫ. 3. ɉɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɹɞɪɚ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɞɜɭɝɨɪɛɨɝɨ ɛɚɪɶɟɪɚ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ

     Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɨɛ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ ɛɚɪɶɟɪɨɜ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚɯ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɹɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɩɨɧɬɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ
ɧɢɡɤɨɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɹɞɟɪ [3]. ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɹɦɵ
ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɹɦɵ, ɬɨ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɹɦɟ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ
ɩɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ, ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦɭ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɸ ɹɞɪɚ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɹɦɟ ɢ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɦɚɥɵɟ J -ɲɢɪɢɧɵ ɞɥɹ
ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɜ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɢ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɹɦɵ ɢɡ-ɡɚ
ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɪɶɟɪɚ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɡ
ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ɹɞɪɚ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɹɦɟ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɦɚɥɵɟ
J -ɲɢɪɢɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɜ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɹɦɵ, ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ
ɤɚɤ ɢɡɨɦɟɪɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ, ɧɚɡɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɡɨɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɮɨɪɦɵ. ɉɨɩɚɜ ɜ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɭɸ ɹɦɭ, ɹɞɪɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɶɫɹ ɞɜɭɦɹ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ: ɧɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɜ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ, ɬ. ɟ. ɦɝɧɨɜɟɧɧɨ, ɢɥɢ, ɢɫɩɵɬɚɜ
ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɵ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɢɡɨɦɟɪɨɜ ɮɨɪɦɵ, ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɶɫɹ ɢɡ
ɷɬɢɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ, ɬ. ɟ. ɫ ɡɚɩɚɡɞɵɜɚɧɢɟɦ. ȼɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɩɨɧɬɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɢɡ ɢɡɨɦɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ
ɛɚɪɶɟɪɚ B2 ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɢ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɝɨɪɚɡɞɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ
ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɹɞɪɚ ɢɡ ɛɥɢɡɤɨɝɨ ɩɨ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɹɞɪɚ ɜ
ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɹɦɟ. Ɍɚɤɨɟ ɫɩɨɧɬɚɧɧɨɟ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɹɞɪɚ ɢɡ ɢɡɨɦɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ
ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɹɦɵ ɫ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɢɪɢɧɨɣ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɨɫɶ ɋ.Ɇ. ɉɨɥɢɤɚɧɨɜɵɦ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɹɞɟɪ 242Am. ȼ
ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɵ ɤɚɤ ɢɡɨɦɟɪɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ,
ɬɚɤ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɹɞɪɚ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɹɦɟ.
    ȼ ɫɟɞɥɨɜɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɛɚɪɶɟɪɚ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ
ɛɚɪɶɟɪɨɜ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɝɨɞɧɚ ɡɟɪɤɚɥɶɧɨ-ɚɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɚɹ
ɝɪɭɲɟɜɢɞɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɹɞɪɚ, ɬ. ɟ. ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɥɢɱɧɚɹ ɨɬ ɧɭɥɹ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
                                  7