Квантовая теория двойного и тройного деления атомных ядер. Кадменский С.Г - 8 стр.

ɨɤɬɭɩɨɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɦɚɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ E3 ,
ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɹɞɪɨ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬ ɚɤɫɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɸ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɫɩɭɫɤ
ɹɞɪɚ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɞɨɥɢɧɚɦ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɫ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ
ɫɟɞɥɨɜɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɤ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɚ, ɝɞɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɦɨɞɵ
ɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɹɞɪɚ ɩɨ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ E O ɧɚ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɤ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɚ E O E sc
ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɛɵɫɬɪɵɦ, ɬɚɤ ɱɬɨ ɧɭɤɥɨɧɧɵɟ ɦɨɞɵ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ
ɭɫɩɟɜɚɸɬ ɩɨɞɫɬɪɨɢɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ. ȼ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɭɤɥɨɧɨɜ Xn ɜ ɹɞɪɟ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɫɨɢɡɦɟɪɢɦɵɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɦɟɧɶɲɢɦɢ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɟɣ Xcol , ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ
ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ, ɧɚɪɭɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɚɞɢɚɛɚɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɧɭɤɥɨɧɧɚɹ
ɩɨɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɹɞɪɚ ɧɟ ɭɫɩɟɜɚɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɣɬɢ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɯ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ E O , ɬ. ɟ. ɹɞɪɨ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɧɨɦ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ. ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɹɞɪɚ ɜ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɧɵɟ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɜ ɞɢɫɫɢɩɚɰɢɢ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ «ɬɪɟɧɢɹ» ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ
ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɵ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɥɹɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɹɞɪɚ ɜ
ɧɭɤɥɨɧɧɵɟ ɦɨɞɵ. ɉɪɢ ɬɚɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɟ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ
ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɭɤɥɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɹɞɪɚ ɭɫɩɟɜɚɸɬ ɩɟɪɟɣɬɢ ɜ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɧɵɟ
(ɬɟɪɦɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ) ɦɧɨɝɨɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ, ɢ ɜ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɚ
ɞɟɥɹɳɟɟɫɹ ɹɞɪɨ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ T | 1 Ɇɷȼ . ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɟ ɢ ɡɚɪɹɞɨɜɵɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ [4], ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɬɨɦ,
ɱɬɨ ɹɞɪɨ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɜɫɹɤɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ, ɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɣɬɢ ɜ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ,
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ. ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɟ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɵ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɟɸɬ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ, ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɸɳɭɸ ɫ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɣ ɞɟɥɹɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɹɞɪɚ T ɜ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ
ɪɚɡɪɵɜɚ, ɬɚɤ ɱɬɨ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ
ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɚɫɬɭɬ ɫ ɪɨɫɬɨɦ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ
Eɜɨɡɛ ɷɬɢɯ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɷɤɫɩɨɧɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɡɚɤɨɧɭ ~ exp Eɜɨɡɛ T .
ɉɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɟ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɵ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɧɵɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɡɚ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɟ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɚ ( ~ 1021 ɫ) ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɹɬ ɜ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɧɵɟ ɬɟɪɦɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ.
ɇɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɬɚɞɢɹɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɚ ( ~ 1016 ɫ) ɢ
( ~ 1012 ɫ) ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɟ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɵ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɭɫɤɚɸɬ ɦɝɧɨɜɟɧɧɵɟ
ɧɟɣɬɪɨɧɵ ɢ J -ɤɜɚɧɬɵ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɯ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ,
ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɞɨɥɝɨɠɢɜɭɳɢɯ ɢɡɨɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɯ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɟ. Ʉɨɧɟɱɧɵɟ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɬɶ E -ɪɚɫɩɚɞ ɫ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɟɣɬɪɨɧɨɜ ɢ J -ɤɜɚɧɬɨɜ.

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