Письменный перевод в сфере экономики и бизнеса. Княжева Е.А. - 11 стр.

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      The world trading system was also restructured in the multilateral
reduction in trade barriers negotiated under the General Agreement on Tariffs
and Trade. Gatt was the precursor of the WTO and, with hindsight, it boring
name was a huge advantage. If you want to confer quietly and unmolested, it is
unwise to call yourself the World Bank, the World Economic Forum or the
International Monetary Fund.
      But the liberalization of capital movements was perhaps even more
important, and certainly more rapid, than the liberalisation of trade in goods and
services. In 1980, most developed economies imposed restrictions, often severe,
on any overseas investments by their citizens. I then had an academic colleague
whose specialism was the theory and practice of exchange control. Before long,
he had only Sweden and South Africa to focus on. I expect he is now in the
palaeontology department.
      The consequent globalization of industrial structure had different
consequences for different industries. Boeing provided aircraft for everyone
from a single plant in Seattle. Ford and General Motors made engines in one
place, gearboxes in another, and put them together somewhere different still.
Thus these companies were able to divorce completely the location of
manufacture     and   the    location     of   sale.    McDonald’s,      Hertz      and
PricewaterhouseCoopers, for whom production was necessarily local, brought to
that production a global formula and a global brand.
      Last, the term globalization came to encompass measures of domestic
deregulation   and    privatization     that   had     no   direct   relationship    to
internationalization of the world economy. Once, privatization was used as an
umbrella term by opponents of market-oriented reforms. Today, globalization
has a similar interpretation. Globalisation is things that people hostile to modern
market economy dislike.