Неличные формы английского глагола. Коптева Н.Ю. - 36 стр.

2. Acquiring sufficient energy for ionization, the electrons give
   an enhanced flow of charge. (when)
3. Surrounding the anode, the space charge reduces the field
   near it. (while)
4. Having penetrated the window of mica, the fast particles caused
   ionization. (after)
5. Having reduced the voltage well below the breakdown point,
   we couldn’t maintain a strong field in the diode. (when)
6. Having enhanced the space charge, we reduced the field near
   the anode (when)
Exercise 3. Change the Participle structure into the corresponding
              clause.
1. When liberated from the cathode, the electrons move towards
   the anode.
2. When given additional energy, the atom is excited to a higher
   level.
3. Once excited to a higher level, the atom subsequently emit a
   quantum of radiation.
4. Once produced, the charges are certain to contribute to the
   current.
5. If filled with gas, the diode can be used for detecting particles.
6. If maintained sufficiently high, the field isn’t reduced by the
   space charge.
Exercise 4. Change the sentences to use a proper Participle
             Structure. Watch the subjects.
1. When the particles penetrated through the window, they caused
   ionization.
2. When the voltage is increased, the anode collects nearly all
   the electrons.
3. When the atom has emitted a quantum of radiation, it may
   return to its normal state.
4. When the electron has sufficient energy, ionization of the
   atom is likely to result.
5. If ionization takes place, there is an increase in the current..
6. If the electrons escape from the field they never reach the
   anode.
7. If the voltage is well below the breakdown point, the field is
   weak except near to the anode.
8. If the space charge has been formed up, it reduces the field
   near the anode.
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