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Ex. 9. Read the text to find out the details of the conditions living organisms live
in and the vital processes taking place inside them. Fill in the spidergram below.
Biology is the science of living things. The world "biology" comes from the
Greek words: bio – "life" and logos – "discourse" or "study". Biology includes all the
facts and principles which have been derived from a scientific study of living things.
The special study of plants, called Botany, and animals, called Zoology, are the two
great subdivisions of the science of biology. Plants and animals are called organisms, so
biology may also be defined as the science of organisms.
Life exists in many places on the earth, often in spite of very difficult conditions.
In the Arctic regions, the temperature may fall to degrees below zero, while in deserts it
may climb to over 120 degrees. Some animals live under the immense pressure of the
deep seas, and others live near the tops of the highest mountains. But no matter where
they exist, all living things must have certain necessary conditions. Let us see what
these are: living things need oxygen, living things must have the right amount of
pressure, living things must have water, living things need the proper temperature,
living things must have food.
Most people think that plants are not alive in the same sense that animals are, or
that there is some fundamental difference between plant and animal life. But this is not
so. Plants and animals have much in common. Their more important points or
resemblance are: 1) the living substance of plants and animals is organized into
protoplasm. Protoplasm is the basic material of all living systems and its general
properties are fundamentally the same in each system both in plants and animals. 2) The
living matter is organized in both plants and animals into microscopic units called cells.
3) Certain vital processes take place in plant bodies in the same manner as in animal
bodies. These processes are respiration, digestion, assimilation, growth and
reproduction. 4) Both plants and animals cannot live without water, air, food, light, and
moderate amount of heat. They both are of different shapes, sizes and colours. In fact,
the differences are not so many as the likenesses although they are more apparent, for
only three are important, namely: plants are not conscious, they are unable to move
about, but they make their own food.
living …
20
living …
Step 2
Ex. 9. Read the text to find out the details of the conditions living organisms live
in and the vital processes taking place inside them. Fill in the spidergram below.
Biology is the science of living things. The world "biology" comes from the
Greek words: bio – "life" and logos – "discourse" or "study". Biology includes all the
facts and principles which have been derived from a scientific study of living things.
The special study of plants, called Botany, and animals, called Zoology, are the two
great subdivisions of the science of biology. Plants and animals are called organisms, so
biology may also be defined as the science of organisms.
Life exists in many places on the earth, often in spite of very difficult conditions.
In the Arctic regions, the temperature may fall to degrees below zero, while in deserts it
may climb to over 120 degrees. Some animals live under the immense pressure of the
deep seas, and others live near the tops of the highest mountains. But no matter where
they exist, all living things must have certain necessary conditions. Let us see what
these are: living things need oxygen, living things must have the right amount of
pressure, living things must have water, living things need the proper temperature,
living things must have food.
Most people think that plants are not alive in the same sense that animals are, or
that there is some fundamental difference between plant and animal life. But this is not
so. Plants and animals have much in common. Their more important points or
resemblance are: 1) the living substance of plants and animals is organized into
protoplasm. Protoplasm is the basic material of all living systems and its general
properties are fundamentally the same in each system both in plants and animals. 2) The
living matter is organized in both plants and animals into microscopic units called cells.
3) Certain vital processes take place in plant bodies in the same manner as in animal
bodies. These processes are respiration, digestion, assimilation, growth and
reproduction. 4) Both plants and animals cannot live without water, air, food, light, and
moderate amount of heat. They both are of different shapes, sizes and colours. In fact,
the differences are not so many as the likenesses although they are more apparent, for
only three are important, namely: plants are not conscious, they are unable to move
about, but they make their own food.
