Современные проблемы промышленного и гражданского строительства на занятиях английского языка. Кузьмина Е.В. - 17 стр.

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The window has an area of approximately 2 square metres.

The window is approximately 2 square metres in area.

6. Translate the text with a dictionary:

The single-store structure consists of three frames which are made up of

steel stanchions and beams. The frames are placed between and walls and

spaced at 3 meter centers. The stanchions carry the beams which support the

roof. The roof beams cantilever a short distance beyond the stanchions. This

means that they extend over the profiled sheet steel cladding which can then be

placed outside the line of the stanchions.

The beams are bolted to steel stanchions caps which are welded to the top

of each stanchion. The load on each beam is transmitted through these plates to

the stanchions.

The upper face of the steel base plates and the ends of the stanchions are

machined flat. The bottom of each stanchion is welded to a base plate which is

fixed to a concrete column base by two holding-down bolts.

Steel angles are fixed across the ends of the beams and built into the brick

walls. These angles tie the frames together and also provide a place to fix the

top of the cladding.

7. Translate the text without a dictionary:

When an architect receives a commission for a building, he meets the

client and discusses his requirements. After visiting the site, the architect draws

up preliminary plans and, together with a rough estimate of the cost, submits

them to the client for his approval. If the client suggests changes, the architect

incorporates them into the final design which shows the exact dimension of

every part of the building. At this stage, several building contractors are invited

to bid for the job of constructing the building. When they submit their tenders

or prices, the architect assists his client in selecting the best one and helps him

to draw up a contract between the client and the contractor.

Work now starts on the building. As construction proceeds, the architect

makes periodic inspections to make sure that the building is being constructed