Чтение общенаучной литературы. Кытманова О.А. - 28 стр.

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29
BROADCASTING.
Apart from the widespread use of electricity as a source of energy and the
improved transportation provided by motor vehicles and aircraft, broadcasting has
probably had the greatest impact on our lives and has helped to shape our society
more than any other development. Television and radio provide us with
entertainment, information, and education. It is hard to imagine a world without
them, for if there were no television or
radio, news would be less immediate,
there would be fewer opportunities to
enjoy music, drama, and other
entertainment, and chances to learn
interesting things would be much more
limited. Some people think that
television and radio invade our privacy
too much and kill the art of
conversation, but few would doubt their
value as means of telecommunication
and their power to inform and amuse.
This article deals with the history of broadcasting and the modern methods and
technology that are employed in it today. For a discussion of the technical aspects
of radio and television transmissions.
Radio
Radio communication was born on 12 December 1901, when the Italian inventor
Guglielmo Marconi succeeded in receiving at St. John's, Newfoundland, radio
signals that had been transmitted from Poldhu, in the English county of Cornwall.
Those signals were in Morse code .Although the first demonstration of the
transmission of speech by radio had taken place in the United States in 1892, little
had come of it. The first advertised broadcast in the world was not made until 24
December 1906. This famous transmission was made by Reginald Aubrey
Fessenden from the 128-meter (420-foot) transmitter of the National Electric
Signaling Company at Brant Rock Massachusetts This event included the first
music broadcast a performance of Handel s Largo.
In the next dozen years or so the potential of radio broadcasting slowly emerged
as technical improvements were made to transmit ting and receiving equipment.
Military controls were placed on radio during World War I. In 1916 Marconi was
experimenting with shortwave communications and methods of preventing enemy
interception of military transmissions. After the war experimental radio stations
were set up Regular broadcasting in Britain began on 14 February 1920 from the
Marconi transmitter 2MT at Writtle, in the county of Essex .The radio broadcasting
industry expanded rapidly because people liked the idea of hearing music and other
bounds coming "out of the air' and wanted to buy radio receiving sets. In the
United States and in Britain , the industry developed in different directions.
In the United States, regular broadcasting started on 2 November 1920 from the
radio station KDKA in Pittsburgh Pennsylvania. Its success encouraged the

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