Чтение общенаучной литературы. Кытманова О.А. - 30 стр.

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educational material speeches, weather reports, and drama and theatrical
entertainment. In 1925, the British Broadcasting Company was wound up and
replaced by a public corporation the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC),
responsible to the British parliament but with daily control in the hands of an
impartial board of governors. The BBC is now financed out of license fees, the
bale of programs abroad, the sale of books and records, and other resources.
The licensing of private radio broadcasting organizations was prevented for
decades after the BBC was formed. Guided by its first Director-General, John
Reith it developed a unique idea of public service a kind of mission to inform,
educate, and even improve the tastes of it listeners.
Commercial radio broadcasters set up stations in other countries beaming
programs to Britain - the best-known of them being Radio Luxembourg - but it was
not until the 1970s that the BBC’s monopoly w as broken. ‘Pirate’ radio stations
playing pop music - some of them actually transmitting from ships at sea created a
demand for a commercial alternative to the BBC s rather more conservative
programming. By the 1980s there were a large number of independent local radio
stations throughout the United Kingdom regulated by the Independent
Broadcasting Authority (IBA). In competition the BBC set up its own network of
local stations serving regional interests.
The BBC s national radio broadcasting operation is divided into five channels:
Radio 1 transmits pop music; Radio 2 broadcasts light entertainment (comedy
shows, light music, and so on); Radio 3 serves listeners who prefer serious music
and culture; Radio 4 specializes in plays, talks, and news and current affairs
programs; and Radio 5 carries sport educational programs, and programs designed
to appeal to young people. The 1970s saw the emergence of community radio
services, dealing with local issues and encouraging participation in programming
by ordinary members of the public The BBC b external services broadcast in many
languages to all parts of the world.
Other countries also developed their radio broadcasting services about the same
time as those of the United States and Britain. In The Netherlands, a radio station
in the Hague began regular broadcasts in November 1919.
Australian broadcasting began in 1923 and now operates on three levels. The
national service is provided by the Australian Broadcasting Commission a
statutory body w which started its work in 1932. Alongside this national service,
which is supported by direct grants from Australia’s federal government
commercial stations broadcast programs financed by advertising. The third level is
pub lie broadcasting which provides a service of programs of local interest on a
commercial basis Public broadcasting emerged during the 1970s.
In Canada, the first regular programs were transmitted from Montreal in 1920.
Canada has a mixed broadcasting system, with private commercial companies
operating alongside the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), a state-
sponsored independent corporation similar to the BBC. The CBC was established
by the (Canadian) Broadcasting Act of 1958. The CBC broadcasts in both English
and French. The BBC has provided a model for the official broadcasting
organizations of France and Japan Several European countries including Britain

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