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opening of other stations. Right from the beginning, radio broadcasting in the
United States was dominated by private commercial companies who financed their
programs by selling advertising. United States radio stations still obtain most of
their financial support from advertising Individual firms can sponsor (pay for)
whole programs or buy brief "spots" of time on the air to talk about their products
or services.
Another early development was the connection of certain radio stations across the
United States by means of special telephone wires. The idea was introduced in
1922 In 1926 the National Broadcasting Company (NBC) opened the first
permanent network of radio stations linked by telephone lines, distributing daily
programs to them from its chief station in New York.
The rapid growth of the broadcasting industry in the United States was
uncontrolled in its early stages but in 1927 the government passed the Radio \ct to
regulate its future
Development. Under this act radio frequencies or wavelengths were allocated to
the various types of radio, stations including maritime services , aircraft
navigation, and radio beacons as well as commercial broadcasting organizations
The act also set up an agency called the Federal Communications Commission to
enforce the new regulations. The commission listens in to licensed radio stations to
make sure they stay within the law and also uses its equipment to detect illegal,
unlicensed stations.
The 1927 act also led to the establishment of the United States four national
networks : NBC, the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS), the Mutual
Broadcasting System iMB8 and the American Broadcasting Company (ABC)
Although commercial organizations have dominated United States broadcasting
since the 1920s non-commercial broadcasting organizations have also emerged.
For example, the National Association of Educational Broadcasters provides
programs to educational stations both in and outside the United States Many
stations are supported by donations from the public from foundations and from
other sources. Official broadcasting services to countries outside the United States
are operated by the Board for International Broadcasting, which is known as the
Voice of America. It broadcasts in more than 30 languages, including English all
over the world Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty are two foreign-based
American organizations There are many other external broadcasting services,
including American Forces Radio and Television, which transmits programs to
American Armed Forces units wherever they are based.
In Britain, commercial radio broadcasting stations quickly came under the control
of the government. The Post Office banned the first radio stations because the
armed forces were afraid that they would interfere with important military
communications .But 150 amateur radio broadcasters obtained licenses from the
Po«t Office and so did about 4,000 owners of radio receivers or wirelesses as they
were commonly known. The British government used some of its license revenues
to finance the British Broadcasting Company which made its first transmission on
18 October 1922. The company was set up as a private corporation providing both
national and regional programs that included news, information concerts lectures
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