Чтение общенаучной литературы. Кытманова О.А. - 32 стр.

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industry grew rapidly. In 1949 there were one million television receivers in use in
the United States; over the next ten years that figure grew to 50 million.
Commercial television was first authorized by the Federal Communications
Commission in 1941. Since World War II, a vast number of television stations and
companies have come into being. The stations arc all supported by the sate of
"spot" advertising and the sponsorship of programs. The number of stations
operating in the United States is now so vast and the type of programs they
transmit is so varied that it is not easy to give a clear picture of television
broadcasting in that country. At the beginning Of the 1980s the Federal
Communications Commission reported that there were more than "50 commercial
television stations, 269 educational television stations, and more than 4,000
television relay stations, Commercial television in the United States is dominated
by three major networks, CBS, JJBC, and ABC. A fourth network, the Public
Broadcasting Service (PBS), is funded by government subsidy, grants from
corporations and foundations, and contributions from viewers. A. valuable
contribution to television in the United States comes from community antenna
television (CATV), better known as "cable television" or "cablevision". In this
system, television signals are received at a single station and sent through wires or
cables to television receivers whose owners pay a regular subscription for the
service. Cable television originally grew up in areas where reception was poor or
limited to one or two stations. But now companies offering cable services make
and broadcast their own programs. Many of these programs are of local interest
and offer, by means of computer-assisted telecommunications, the chance for
viewers to express their opinions and participate in the programs.
Other Countries. In Australia, the development of television broadcasting began
as early as 1934. But World War II arrested progress on a national service, and a
change of government in 1949 stopped it altogether for a time. Despite economic
problems, Australian people demanded a television service. Regular television
broadcasting began in Sydney on 16 September 1956. Television spread slowly
throughout the country in stages and had reached about 98 per cent of the
Australian population by the 1970s. Commercial stations operate alongside those
of the Australian Broadcasting Commission. Color television transmissions began
in 1975, and in 1980 the first foreign language station went on the air to serve
Australia's ethnic minorities.
In Canada, television broadcasts began under the control of the Canadian
Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) in 1952. The 1958 Broadcasting Act placed the
regulation of television stations under the control of the Board of Broadcasting
Governors. Under this board television broadcasting expanded rapidly, and a
second network, the Canadian Television Network (CTV), opened in 1961. The
CBC continued to distribute television programs in both French and English.
Under new legislation passed in 1968, a new body, now called the Canadian
Radio-Television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) regulates
broadcasting in Canada, including cable television, which has become popular
since the 1960s. In English-speaking party of Canada, about 70 per cent of the
programs watched on television are bought in from the United States. In French-

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