Основы теории английского языка. Листунова Е.И. - 112 стр.

               The Complex Sentence
      1. A complex sentence formed by subordination consists of a
princi pal clause and one or more subordinate clauses.
      The subordinate clause may either follow or precede the princi-
pal clause.
      If the subordinate clause follows the princi pal clause, both clauses
are uttered with the falling intonation:
      It was ‘dinner ‘time be’fore they had ‘finished.
      If the subordinate clause precedes the princi pal clause, the sub-
ordinate clause has the rising intonation and the princi pal clause —
the falling tone:
      ‘As I was in a ‘hurry, I took a ‘taxi.
      2. The functions of subordinate clauses are similar to those of the
parts of a simple sentence. Accordingly, subordinate clauses are classed
as subject, predicative, object, attributive and adverbial clauses:
      What I am about to do is very agreeable to me (Mazî de la
Roche) (subject clause). This was why he had thought of Bosinne
(Galsworthy) (predicative clause). She thought that the open air might
do her good... (Maxwell) (object clause). The valley was full of a
lustrous dark haze, through which the ripe corn shimmered... (Lawrence)
(attributive clause). The town was asleep when I entered it (London)
(adverbial clause).
      The similarity of the functions of subordinate clauses to those of
the parts of a simple sentence is stressed by the existence of synony-
mous constructions:
      I forgot to post the letter which I wrote yesterday. — I forgot to
post the letter — written by me yesterday. He told me how he had lived
at the seaside. — He told me about his life at the seaside. We met
where the roads crossed. — We met at the crossing of the roads.
      Subordinate clauses may be connected by means of co-ordina-
tive conjunctions with some parts of the sentence as homogeneous
members, which also shows that their functions are similar to those
of the parts of a simple sentence:
      I thought of the fifty guineas, and of how very useful they would
be to me (Doyle).
      The relation of asubordinate clause to some part of the princi pal
clause may be indicated by means of the same prepositions which are
used in similar function before the parts of a simple sentence:
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