Основы теории английского языка. Листунова Е.И. - 13 стр.

      XI.
      The following are loan translations (calques). What do they actu-
ally mean in English? How and when are they used? Does the original
(given in brackets) help you to fully understand their connotations?
      The moment of truth (Sp. el momento de la verdad); with a grain of
salt (Lat. cum grano salis); famous case (Fr. cause célébre); Five-Year
Plan (Russ. ïÿòèëåòíèé ïëàí); Master people (Ger. Herrenvolk); un-
derground movement (Fr. le mouvement souterrain); fellow-traveller (Russ.
ïîïóò÷èê); that goes without saying (Fr. cela va sans dire); castles in
Spain (Fr. cháteaux en Espagne; cf. It. castelli in aria); word combination
(Russ. ñëîâîñî÷åòàíèå).
      XII.
      Find in the following passage answers to the questions given below.
      So completely did the two languages [French and English. —
E. Ë.] become one that we are not conscious of mixture when we
couple such a word as the native wholesale with the Old French
retail, and it is only after reflection that we realize that so John
Bullish a dish as «the roast beef of Old England» bears a purely French
name. Nor are we sensible of hybridism when we attach native suffix-
es to words of French origin, as in beautiful, artless, dukedom, court-
ship, falsehood, or vice versa, as in eatable, leakage, forbearance,
oddity. The Franco-Latin dis- is freely used with English verbs, e. g.
distrust, dislike, while the Teutonic un- is often prefixed to words of
Latin or French origin, e. g. uncivil, unwarrantable, uninteresting.
                                Ernest Weekley. The English Language.

                              QUESTIONS
      I.
      1. What is theetymological composition of the words: avidly,
countless, courtly, dauntless, faintness, fishery, goddess, hindrance,
joyful, murderous, relationshi p, unquestionable?
      2. Why are such words called hybrids?
     II.
     Using a dictionary compare the meaning of the following pairs of
words and explain why they are called ‘etymological doublets’?
     Abridge — abbreviate, artist — artiste, captain — chieftain, card
— chart, cavalry — chivalry, catch — chase, corps — corpse, egg —
edge, gage — wage, hotel — hospital, hale — whole, liquor —

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