Английский для бакалавров. Макеева М.Н - 15 стр.

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15
1. The Nobel Prizes. 2. The Sveriges Riksbank Prize. 3.The inventor of dynamite. 4. He was a
chemist, engineer, and inventor. 5. In 1896. 6. On 27 November 1895. 7. X-rays and cathode rays.
8. The year before the prizes are awarded. 9. For 50 years from the awarding of the prize.
10. A maximum of three laureates. 11. A public lecture on a subject related to the topic of their
prize. 12. Laureates receive a heavily decorated diploma together with a gold medal and the prize
money. 13. US$1.4 million. 14. It is not uncommon for recipients.
Selection. The Nobel Committee then prepares a report reflecting the advice of experts in the relevant
fields. This, along with the list of preliminary candidates, is submitted to the prize-awarding institutions.
The institutions meet to choose the laureate or laureates in each field by a majority vote. Their decision,
which cannot be appealed, is announced immediately after the vote. A maximum of three laureates and
two different works may be selected per award. Except for the Peace Prize, which can be awarded to
institutions, the awards can only be given to individuals. If the Peace Prize is not awarded, the money is split
among the scientific prizes. This has happened 19 times so far.
Nobel lectures. According to the statutes of the Nobel Foundation, each laureate is required to give a
public lecture on a subject related to the topic of their prize. These lectures normally occur during Nobel
Week (the week leading up to the award ceremony and banquet, which begins with the laureates arriving in
Stockholm and normally ends with the Nobel banquet), but this is not mandatory. The laureate is only
obliged to give the lecture within six months of receiving the prize. Some have happened even later.
For example, US president Theodore Roosevelt won the Peace Prize in 1906 but gave his lecture in 1910,
after his term in office. The lectures are organised by the same association who selected the laureates.
Medals. The Nobel Prize medals, minted by Myntverket in Sweden and the Mint of Norway since 1902,
are registered trademarks of the Nobel Foundation. The medals for physics, chemistry, physiology or
medicine, and literature have identical obverses, showing the image of Alfred Nobel and the years of his
birth and death. Nobel's portrait also appears on the obverse of the Peace Prize medal and the medal for the
Economics Prize, but with a slightly different design. For instance, the laureate's name is engraved on the rim
of the Economics medal. The image on the reverse of a medal varies according to the institution awarding
the prize. The reverse sides of the medals for chemistry and physics share the same design. Laureates receive
a heavily decorated diploma together with a gold medal and the prize money.
Diplomas. Nobel laureates receive a diploma directly from the hands of the King of Sweden or the
Chairman of the Norwegian Nobel Committee. Each diploma is uniquely designed by the prize-awarding
institutions for the laureates that receive them. The diploma contains a picture and text which states the name
of the laureate and normally a citation of why they received the prize. None of the Nobel Peace Prize
laureates has ever had a citation on their diplomas.
Award money. The laureates are given a sum of money when they receive their prizes, in the form of a
document confirming the amount awarded. The amount of prize money depends upon how much money the
Nobel Foundation can award each year. The purse has increased since the 1980s, when the prize money was
880 000 SEK (c 2.6 million SEK or US$350 000 today). In 2009 the monetary award was 10 million SEK
(US$1.4 million). If there are two laureates in a particular category, the award grant is divided equally
between the recipients. If there are three, the awarding committee has the option of dividing the grant
equally, or awarding one-half to one recipient and one-quarter to each of the others. It is not uncommon for
recipients to donate prize money to benefit scientific, cultural, or humanitarian causes.

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