Английский для бакалавров. Макеева М.Н - 19 стр.

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19
Il'ja Mikhailovich Frank. Prize motivation: "for
the discovery and the
interpretation of the Cherenkov effect".
Il'ja Mikhailovich Frank
was born in Leningrad on October 23, 1908, the younger son
of Mikhail Lyudvigovic Frank, a Professor of Mathematics, and his wife, Dr. Yelizaveta
Mikhailovna Gratsiano
va. He attended the Moscow State University as a pupil of Vavilov,
and graduated in 1930. In 1931 he became a senior scientific officer in Professor
A.N. Terenin's laboratory in the State Optical Institute in Leningrad, and in 1934 he joined
the P.N. Lebe
dev Institute of Physics of the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences as a scientific
officer. He was promoted firstly to senior scientific officer and, in 1941, to his present
position as officer in charge of the Atomic Nucleus Laboratory. Since 1957 he has
simult
aneously occupied the post of Director of the Neutron Laboratory of the Joint
Institute of Nuclear Investigations.
The first investigations of I.M. Frank were in the field
of photoluminescence and in photochemistry. From 1934 he began his work on nuclear
p
hysics in the Laboratory of Professor D.V. Skobeltzyn. The experimental investigations of
pair creation by g-
application of g-rays were carried out by him. His further works were devoted to neutro
n
physics, the investigation of reactions on light nuclei and nuclear fission by mesons.
The
subject of his theoretical investigations is the Vavilov-
Cerenkov effect and related
problems. Frank was awarded the degree of Doctor of Physico-Mathematical Scien
ces in
1935; in 1944 he was confirmed in the academic rank of Professor, and was elected a
Corresponding Member of the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences in 1946.
He married Ella
Abramovna Beilikhis, a noted historian, in 1937. Their only child, Alexander, is al
so a
physicist employed at the Dubna neutron research center.
Multiple laureates.
Four people have received two Nobel Prizes. Maria Skłodowska-Curie received
the Physics Prize in 1903 for the discovery of radioactivity and the Chemistry Prize in 1911 for the
isolation of pure radium. Linus Pauling won the 1954 Chemistry Prize for his research into the chemical
bond and its application to the structure of complex substances. Pauling also won the Peace Prize in
1962 for his anti-nuclear activism, making him the only laureate of two unshared prizes. John Bardeen
received the Physics Prize twice: in 1956 for the invention of the transistor and in 1972 for the theory of
superconductivity. Frederick Sanger received the prize twice in Chemistry: in 1958 for determining the
structure of the insulin molecule and in 1980 for inventing a method of determining base sequences in
DNA. Two organisations have received the Peace Prize multiple times. The International Committee of
the Red Cross received it three times: in 1917 and 1944 for its work during the world wars; and in
1963 during the year of its centenary.
The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees has won the
Peace Prize twice for assisting refugees: in 1954 and 1981.
Nobel Prize-winning physicist Frank Wilczek (the Nobel Prize in Physics 2004)
explains the Large Hadron Collider, how it works, and what scientists hope to discover with it.
Visit
the website
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mPEGwrdhvA0
8. In small groups imagine you are interviewing
Mr.W.Frank. Make up a list of
questions to ask him about his family, study and work to write his biography as an
example above.
7. Read and translate the biography of a famous scientist.
6. Read the text ‘Multiple laureates’ and translate it.
Why do you think so few women have won the Nobel Prize?
1. What field of science do you work in?
2. Did you work alone?
3. How long have you been …?

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