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Reference Material 
Word Roots 
Here are some Latin (marked L) and Greek (marked G) roots. Recognizing 
them will help you recognize networks of words in the language. 
   Root                           Meaning                                Examples 
- audi- (L)                         to hear                        audience, audio, auditorium 
- bene- (L)                        good, well                  benevolent, benefit, benefactor    
- bio- (G)                          life                              biography, biosphere, biopsy 
- duc(t)- (L)                      to lead, to make         ductile, reduce, reproduce 
- gen- (G)                          race, kind                  genealogy, gene 
- geo- (G)                          earth                          geography, geometry 
- graph- (G)                       to write                      graphic, photography, pictograph 
- jur -, -jus- (L)                  law                            justice, jurisdiction 
- log(o)- (G)                       word, thought           biology, logical, logocentric 
- luc- (L)                            light                           lucid, translucent 
- manu- (L)                        hand                          manufacture, manual, manipulate 
- mit-, -mis- (L)                 to send                      permit, transmission, intermittent 
- path- (G)                          feel, suffer                empathy, pathetic 
- phil- (G)                           love                          philosopher, bibliophile 
- photo- (G)                        light                          photography, telephoto 
- port- (L)                           to carry                     transport, portable 
- psych- (G)                        soul                           psychology, psychopath 
- scrib-, -script- (L)             to write                     inscribe, manuscript, descriptive 
- sent-, -sens- (L)                to feel                       sensation, resent 
- tele- (G)                            far away                   telegraph, telepathy 
- tend – (L)                          to stretch                  extend, tendency 
- terr- (L)                             earth                         inter, territorial 
- therm- (G)                    heat                      thermonuclear, thermostat 
- vac- (L)                        empty                   vacuole, evacuation 
- vid-, -vis- (L)                to see                   video, envision, visit 
Prefixes 
Prefixes of negation or opposition: 
  Prefix                           Meaning                        Examples 
a-, an-                                     without                     ahistorical, anemia 
anti-                                        against                      antibody, antiphonal 
                                         44
                             Reference Material
                                     Word Roots
    Here are some Latin (marked L) and Greek (marked G) roots. Recognizing
them will help you recognize networks of words in the language.
  Root                    Meaning                             Examples
- audi- (L)              to hear                 audience, audio, auditorium
- bene- (L)              good, well              benevolent, benefit, benefactor
- bio- (G)               life                    biography, biosphere, biopsy
- duc(t)- (L)            to lead, to make        ductile, reduce, reproduce
- gen- (G)                race, kind             genealogy, gene
- geo- (G)                earth                  geography, geometry
- graph- (G)              to write               graphic, photography, pictograph
- jur -, -jus- (L)        law                    justice, jurisdiction
- log(o)- (G)              word, thought         biology, logical, logocentric
- luc- (L)                 light                  lucid, translucent
- manu- (L)               hand                   manufacture, manual, manipulate
- mit-, -mis- (L)         to send                permit, transmission, intermittent
- path- (G)                feel, suffer          empathy, pathetic
- phil- (G)                 love                 philosopher, bibliophile
- photo- (G)                light                photography, telephoto
- port- (L)                 to carry             transport, portable
- psych- (G)                soul                  psychology, psychopath
- scrib-, -script- (L)       to write             inscribe, manuscript, descriptive
- sent-, -sens- (L)         to feel               sensation, resent
- tele- (G)                  far away             telegraph, telepathy
- tend – (L)                 to stretch           extend, tendency
- terr- (L)                  earth                inter, territorial
- therm- (G)               heat                   thermonuclear, thermostat
- vac- (L)                 empty                  vacuole, evacuation
- vid-, -vis- (L)           to see                video, envision, visit
                                      Prefixes
Prefixes of negation or opposition:
 Prefix                    Meaning                       Examples
a-, an-                     without                ahistorical, anemia
anti-                       against                antibody, antiphonal
