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needed needed
dare dared
dared dared
Must, as a rule, remains unchanged in reported speech if it ex-
presses advice (order) or a supposition bordering on assurance
(должно быть).
Must is generally replaced by had to if it expresses necessity
arising out of circumstances.
Direct Speech Reported Speech
She said to him, “You must be
more careful.” (advice)
She told him he must be more
careful.
She said, “You must be very
fond of music if you go to con-
certs so often.” (supposition)
She said he must be very fond of
music if he went to concerts so
often.
She said, “I must get up early
every morning.”
She said she had to get up early
every morning.
6. SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD IN REPORTED SPEECH
When sentences containing the Subjunctive Mood are con-
verted into reported speech, the form of the verb usually remains un-
changed.
♦ However, there is a case when the rule of the sequence of
tenses is observed: if we have the analytical subjunctive with the
mood auxiliary may, may is changed into might if the verb in the prin-
cipal clause stands in a past tense.
Direct Speech Reported Speech
“I would be discharged if I were
seen speaking to you.”
She said that she would be dis-
charged if she were seen talking
to him.
20
“It is true I drink, but I wouldn't
have taken to that if things had
gone differently.”
He admitted that he drank, but
said he wouldn
't have taken to
that if things had gone
differ-
ently.
“I think cheerfulness is a fortune
in itself. I wish I had
it.”
She thought cheerfulness was a
fortune in itself. She wished she
had
it.
“Oh, how I wish I had never
seen
him!”
She said she wished she had
never seen
him.
“I suggest that we should have a
rest.”
She suggested that they should
have a rest.
“I insist that you go there imme-
diately!”
He insisted that we go there
immediately.
“The boys will think none the
worse of you whatever you may
have done.”
He said that the boys would
think none the worse of him
whatever he might have done.
7. VERBS USED TO CONVERT STATEMENTS
INTO REPORTED SPEECH
(Except “say”, “tell”, “ask”)
♦ To announce (объявлять, заявлять, извещать) is used
when something is spoken in public, especially for the first time:
He announced that the conference would be postponed.
♦ То declare (объявлять, заявлять, провозглашать) is more
formal than to announce. The statement with this verb sounds more
solemn:
The strikers declared they would not give in.
♦ То inform (сообщать, информировать) reports statements,
especially news:
Не informed us that the time-table had been changed.
♦ То remark (отмечать, замечать, высказываться) is used to
report remarks:
Не remarked that he did not like jazz music.
♦ То state (заявлять, сообщать, излагать, формулировать)
needed needed He admitted that he drank, but
“It is true I drink, but I wouldn't
dare dared said he wouldn't have taken to
have taken to that if things had
dared dared that if things had gone differ-
gone differently.”
ently.
Must, as a rule, remains unchanged in reported speech if it ex- She thought cheerfulness was a
presses advice (order) or a supposition bordering on assurance “I think cheerfulness is a fortune
fortune in itself. She wished she
(должно быть). in itself. I wish I had it.”
had it.
Must is generally replaced by had to if it expresses necessity “Oh, how I wish I had never She said she wished she had
arising out of circumstances. seen him!” never seen him.
“I suggest that we should have a She suggested that they should
Direct Speech Reported Speech rest.” have a rest.
She said to him, “You must be She told him he must be more “I insist that you go there imme- He insisted that we go there
more careful.” (advice) careful. diately!” immediately.
She said, “You must be very She said he must be very fond of “The boys will think none the He said that the boys would
fond of music if you go to con- music if he went to concerts so worse of you whatever you may think none the worse of him
certs so often.” (supposition) often. have done.” whatever he might have done.
She said, “I must get up early She said she had to get up early
every morning.” every morning.
7. VERBS USED TO CONVERT STATEMENTS
INTO REPORTED SPEECH
6. SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD IN REPORTED SPEECH (Except “say”, “tell”, “ask”)
When sentences containing the Subjunctive Mood are con-
verted into reported speech, the form of the verb usually remains un- ♦ To announce (объявлять, заявлять, извещать) is used
changed. when something is spoken in public, especially for the first time:
♦ However, there is a case when the rule of the sequence of He announced that the conference would be postponed.
tenses is observed: if we have the analytical subjunctive with the ♦ То declare (объявлять, заявлять, провозглашать) is more
mood auxiliary may, may is changed into might if the verb in the prin- formal than to announce. The statement with this verb sounds more
cipal clause stands in a past tense. solemn:
The strikers declared they would not give in.
♦ То inform (сообщать, информировать) reports statements,
Direct Speech Reported Speech especially news:
She said that she would be dis- Не informed us that the time-table had been changed.
“I would be discharged if I were ♦ То remark (отмечать, замечать, высказываться) is used to
charged if she were seen talking
seen speaking to you.” report remarks:
to him.
Не remarked that he did not like jazz music.
♦ То state (заявлять, сообщать, излагать, формулировать)
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