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provide the report, article, or paper's results, conclusions, and recommendations;
are short -- from a paragraph to a page or two, depending upon the length of the
original work being abstracted. Usually informative abstracts should not exceed 250
words;
allow readers to decide whether they want to read the report, article, or paper.
As an abstract could be written for documents of any size, there are general
guidelines about how long an abstract should be:
for an editorial or letter to the editor, 30 words or less;
for a short note or short communication, 100 words or less;
for a shorter paper or article, 150-200 words or less;
for a longer paper, article, or book chapter, 250 words or less;
for long documents like a thesis or book, 300 words or less.
3. Purpose of abstract writing
An abstract is written:
to allow readers to make decisions about the project;
to help the sponsoring professor to judge if the research is proceeding smoothly;
for the conference organizer to decide if the project fits the conference criteria;
for the conference audience (faculty, administrators, peers, and presenters'
families) to see whether or not to attend the panel;
to apply for research grants;
to submit articles to journals (especially online);
when writing a proposal.
The informative type of abstracts is recommended to serve the stated purposes.
4. Structure of abstract
An informative abstract is made up of five parts:
Purpose
Methodology
Results
Conclusions
Keywords
The purpose section of an informative abstract should state either the reason for or
the primary objectives of the experiment or investigation. The purpose section of an
informative abstract might also contain the hypothesis of the experiment.
The methodology section of an informative abstract should describe the techniques
used in conducting the experiment or solving the problem (simulation, analytic models,
prototype construction, analysis of field data, etc.). The abstract should not focus entirely
on research methods unless that is the primary focus of the original document.
The results section of an informative abstract should relate the observations and/or
data collected during the experiment. This section should be concise and informative, and
only the most important results need be included.
The conclusion section of an informative abstract should state the evaluation or
analysis of the experiment results. It should also briefly state the implications of these
results. This conclusion section might also state whether the driving hypothesis of the
experiment was correct. Findings should be reported, not commented.
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